1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 529: Bohr strikes! Kills with one sword! Fatal flaw! The power of his disciple! So terrifying!
Faced with Pauli's powerful offensive, de Broglie was defeated.

His waveguide theory was not yet complete.

At this time, Schrödinger had recovered his strength and was ready to play again.

He was also quite familiar with this kid Pauli.

Although the opponent is aggressive and nonchalant, his strength is unquestionable and he is definitely a super genius.

He can't take it lightly and must give it his all.

"Dr. Pauli, let me answer your second question again on behalf of de Broglie."

"First, the purpose of pilot wave theory is to explain the existence of wave-particle duality."

"Even if it is wrong, it only proves that de Broglie's description of wave-particle duality is inaccurate."

"But this doesn't prove that matter-wave theory is wrong."

"The reason why the waveguide theory is flawed is precisely because it introduces the concept of particles."

"There is nothing wrong with the wave-particle duality. What is wrong is that the particles in the duality are actually the result of the aggregation of waves."

“This goes back to the theory I just mentioned.”

"In short, wave-particle duality is just that when we measure waves, the states of the waves are different, thus distinguishing them into two states: wave and particle."

"But both states are essentially waves."

"Now, back to Dr. Pauli's first question."

“Although there is a parameter called mass in the wave equation, according to the special theory of relativity, mass and energy are one and the same.”

"The mass of a particle is just the external manifestation of the energy carried by the wave."

“It’s like Newtonian mechanics is just an approximation of relativity, but we can still use it to solve problems.”

"In the same way, the mass parameter is only used to simplify the form of the wave equation."

"If you want to convert mass into wave energy, the mathematical framework you need to use for the equations becomes very complicated."

"I haven't tried it yet because it's not necessary."

Wow!
Schrödinger's remarks stunned everyone present.

Everyone opened their eyes wide, their faces filled with disbelief.

You say what he says is logical, but there is no deduction, just concepts.

You may say that what he said is illogical, but it does sound like that.

But many of the bigwigs present, even if they supported wave mechanics, found it difficult to agree with Schrödinger's wave explanation.

Although wave-particle duality is difficult to understand, it at least carries the concept of particles.

In other words, matter can exhibit the properties of particles.

But Schrödinger directly denied the existence of particles, so what about all the matter in the real world?

People, tables, projectors
These are all visible, tangible, and real materials.

How can it be said that they are all waves?

The most important thing is that Schrödinger had no way to prove it theoretically.

De Broglie's matter wave theory is also applicable to macroscopic matter.

However, Schrödinger's previous deductions could only be based on microscopic particles.

Born even muttered:

"This is sheer nonsense!"

Even de Broglie himself gave a wry smile.

He was a little embarrassed.

He did not agree with Schrödinger's point of view, but he could not oppose it now.

After all, they are in the same camp now.

Heisenberg looked very anxious.

He thought Schrödinger was just being a rogue.

But there is no way to disprove it.

Because the wave-particle duality of light has long been proven.

There is a high probability that de Broglie's matter wave theory is correct.

Then there is a high probability that matter has wave properties.

Schrödinger's wave equation, which is centered on waves, is of course correct.

However, Pauli absolutely disagrees with this view.

At this moment, facing the forced explanation of Big Brother Schrödinger, he sarcastically said:
"Dr. Schrodinger, I think you're talking nonsense."

"I am standing here peacefully, why didn't I turn into a wave and pass through the wall?"

Schrödinger was speechless.

Although he introduced spinors, he temporarily solved the problem of electron spin.

But progress in perfectly proving that particles don't exist is currently slow.

The mathematical knowledge required for this was beyond his ability.

But the theory can have flaws, but the momentum must not be lost.

Schrödinger was full of confidence and spoke eloquently:

“Because although the particle is an illusion of a wave packet, it can be felt in reality.”

"The macroscopic properties it exhibits are the laws of our current macroscopic world."

Pauli: “!@#￥%…”

He couldn't complain anymore.

The discussion has reached a dead end.

The onlookers were overwhelmed by the sight.

Compton looked excited, and shouted in his heart:
"Wonderful, so wonderful!"

"Pauli, why are you talking so much? Go get him!"

"Schrödinger may not understand your theories, but he can definitely feel your punches and kicks."

"."

It was originally a debate between matrix mechanics and wave mechanics.

How come it seems like it has now become a three-way debate among the particle school, the wave school, and the wave-particle duality school.

Looking at de Broglie's conflicted look, it seems that he is about to break away from Schrödinger and set up his own faction.

"My wave-particle duality is the truth!"

The mystery of quantum mechanics is vividly demonstrated.

The bigwigs present felt that it would be impossible to solve all the problems of quantum mechanics with just one meeting.

Planck said to the people around him in a mature and steady manner:

"Could it be that both matrix mechanics and wave mechanics are correct?"

"They may be mathematically equivalent, describing only one side of the wave-particle duality."

Wow!
Einstein, Sommerfeld and others were all shocked!
Others have previously studied the similarities between the two theories.

But the mathematical foundation of one is matrices, and the mathematical foundation of the other is calculus.

These are two completely different fields and have nothing to do with each other.

At least no one in the physics community has this kind of ability at the moment.

This requires strong mathematical and physical abilities.

Suddenly, Planck and his companions looked in a certain direction with tacit understanding.

"I guess I can only rely on him."

Just as everyone was communicating with each other and analyzing the views of both sides.

Bohr, who had been silent all this time, suddenly spoke:

"Dr. Schrodinger, I have a question."

Schrödinger was very polite to Bohr.

The other party is Professor Bruce's direct disciple and even his favorite student.

Bohr was also one of the founders of quantum mechanics.

So, even though Bohr was only two years older than him, Schrödinger still respected him very much.

"Professor Bohr, please go ahead."

Bohr looked at Schrödinger, de Broglie, Pauli, and Heisenberg in front of him, feeling deeply moved.

He seemed to see his younger self in these young men.

At that time, he was also full of vigor and looked down on the world!
As the pioneer of the quantum orbital model, Bohr's name resounds throughout the physics community.

But he never imagined that quantum theory, which he once thought only needed some tinkering, would develop to this point today.

Quantum mechanics has gone far beyond the scope of the old quantum theory.

The former is not a supplement to the latter, but a sublimation and reshaping.

Faced with this fact, Bohr was not disappointed, but became even more motivated!
In the field of quantum mechanics, he is confident that he can also stand out from the crowd!
From today on, he will abandon his previous glory and re-learn quantum mechanics. "According to the view of wave mechanics, the movement of electron waves in atoms should be average and continuous."

"Electron waves are like water waves, spreading across the entire diameter of the atom."

"However, many existing experiments have proven that electrons do exist in discrete orbits."

"For example, discrete spectral lines, angular momentum, and electronic transitions in atomic spectra."

"How can wave mechanics explain this discontinuous behavior of electrons in terms of continuity?"

"Even if you don't admit electronic transitions, at least give a convincing reason."

Wow!
As soon as the question was asked, everyone was shocked!

Bohr is indeed a big shot in the field of quantum mechanics, with a sharp eye, a tricky angle, and his questions go straight to the heart of the matter.

Heisenberg stamped his feet violently, looking excited.

"Oh, why didn't I think of that."

"Father, like son."

"This should be the biggest problem in wave mechanics!"

"Professor Bohr, you are my idol!"

Heisenberg began to dance again.

He is like an innocent child, he likes whoever helps him.

At this moment, after listening to Bohr's question, Schrödinger frowned slightly.

Wave mechanics can indeed derive atomic spectra with discrete properties.

Electron waves permeate all space, and electromagnetic waves of any frequency can be emitted.

As long as a specific boundary range is given, a separate "orbit" can be found.

For example, the first track, the second track, the third track and so on.

But here is the problem.

Why is there no 1.5 track or 2.5 track?

Logically speaking, electron waves are continuous, so there must be more than just 12345 orbits, but orbits of all energy levels exist.

Then the atomic spectrum should also be continuous.

Even if they are not on the same spectrum.

For example, the spectral lines of some hydrogen atoms are 123 orbitals, while the spectral lines of other hydrogen atoms are 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 orbitals.

The two together can also explain the continuity of the spectrum.

But the reality is that hydrogen atoms only have 123 spectral lines.

Theory and experiment contradict each other!
This is the fatal flaw of wave mechanics.

The reason for this problem is that Schrödinger's interpretation of the wave function is wrong.

This situation occurs because he treats electron waves and water waves as the same type of fluctuations.

Bohr's problem did not involve particles at all; it was entirely a wave problem.

Therefore, Schrödinger could not force an explanation as he had done before.

He must give a positive response and have a logically rigorous mathematical deduction.

Because this involves the core foundation of wave mechanics.

For a moment, the room fell into silence.

De Broglie looked serious, and Pauli raised his eyebrows.
Everyone was thinking about how to explain Bohr's doubts.

One minute
Two minutes.
After five minutes, Schrödinger still couldn't come up with an answer.

He had no choice but to say:

"I'm sorry, Professor Bohr, I can't answer that question."

Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
This was the first time Schrödinger admitted defeat.

He handled many of Heisenberg and Pauli's questions with ease.

But Bohr just asked a question and left him helpless.

Bohr's power is so terrifying!
"As expected, he is Professor Bruce's disciple!"

"This is the giant crocodile lurking in the deep quantum sea!"

Heisenberg was delighted.

Finally we got a win.

The current experimental results are undoubtedly more favorable to his matrix mechanics.

At this time, Lorenz said:

"Does anyone else have any more questions?"

Everyone looked at each other, and no one raised their hand again.

The verbal sparring just now almost turned wave mechanics upside down.

"Okay, then please ask questions about matrix mechanics."

"After both sides finish asking questions, they will enter a free discussion phase."

Heisenberg took a deep breath after hearing this.

He secretly encouraged himself and decided to get through this.

Now matrix mechanics is in the upper hand, and the orthodoxy of quantum mechanics is gradually beckoning to him.

"Start!" Lorenz gave the order.

However, the imagined intense scene did not occur.

Schrödinger was dejected. He was still immersed in Bohr's questioning and had no intention of asking any questions.

De Broglie wanted to stand up and teach Pauli a lesson, but he had no reason to do so.
There is nothing wrong with neutral people like Planck, Sommerfeld, and Ehrenfest.

Although matrix mechanics is obscure and difficult to understand, it can indeed solve problems effectively.

Therefore, it was difficult for the people present to find its shortcomings.

Heisenberg was very proud of this scene.

"Hahaha, my matrix mechanics are perfect."

“You can’t find the problem at all!”

"As for the Matrix being difficult?"

"Haha, physics is a game for geniuses. People who say it's difficult don't deserve to study physics!"

Heisenberg had begun to go wild.

He totally disregarded wave mechanics.

Seeing this, Lorenz was almost speechless.

What’s going on? You, the wave faction, have to stand up!
Why did it suddenly die down?

Are you giving up so quickly?
The excitement of that meeting was greatly reduced.

So he asked one last time.

"Anyone else have questions about Matrix mechanics?"

Just when everyone thought the discussion was about to end.

Suddenly, a voice sounded.

"I have two questions."

Wow!
Everyone looked quickly and found that it was Einstein!

This guy is also a heavyweight boss.

Those present were all authorities in the field of physics, and they were well aware of Professor Einstein's abilities.

The other party has made outstanding contributions not only in atomic science and special relativity.

At the same time, Einstein is also an absolute quantum master.

He used quantum theory to explain the specific heat of solids, thereby proving the correctness of the quantum concept.

In addition, at the Second Quantum Theory Conference, he amazed the audience with his proposal of a third way of electron transition.

It is said that the industry is now studying stimulated radiation in an attempt to create a completely new light source (laser).

Most importantly, everyone in the circle knows that Einstein is Professor Bruce’s number one gay friend.

The two met when they were humble, and together they grew up to become top figures in the scientific community, leaving behind a well-known story.

Therefore, Einstein’s move is extremely exciting!
Schrödinger even came back to his senses and looked at the other party in surprise.

At this moment, he was extremely grateful to Einstein for standing up for him.

"I wish to be brothers with you!"

Heisenberg stared at Einstein closely, with a strong desire to fight.

In this world, he is not afraid of anyone except Professor Bruce and Professor Sommerfeld!
"Come on, you remnants of the old quantum theory era!"

"I am the man who will become the king of quantum mechanics!"

(End of this chapter)