1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 530: Einstein takes action! The ultimate killer matrix! The remnant of the old era is also the king of the old era!
Under the gaze of the crowd, Einstein walked to the front of the stage.

He and Schrödinger looked at each other and smiled, and everything was said without words.

In the eyes of others, he is now considered a Matrix person.

But Einstein did not feel that he was divided into camps.

However, on this occasion today, there is no need to make a clear distinction.

The focus of the big guys is always the theory itself!

He believed that matrix mechanics and wave mechanics were both very good theories and should be unified.

My old friend has become a little addicted to Tongyi recently.

Soon, Einstein said:
"First question first."

"I would like to ask everyone to re-examine the premise of the birth of matrix mechanics."

"Professor Bruce once said that the electron orbital is invisible, so we can't easily assume it exists."

"Instead, we should start with observable physical quantities and establish a completely new theoretical framework."

"Matrix mechanics was born out of this idea."

“At the beginning, I also thought this idea was fine.”

"But recently, I had a question."

“I think it’s the existing theories that determine what we can [see].”

"We can't see the orbits of electrons because current theories dictate that we can't see them."

"But that doesn't preclude the possibility that atomic orbitals might actually exist."

"It's like before Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope, we couldn't see cells, but cells really exist."

"It's a similar situation with electron orbitals."

"Wave mechanics allows us to visualize the motion of electrons."

"So is it possible that in the future there will be a newer theory that can directly describe the orbits of electrons?"

"That theory is like a microscope, helping us observe the real orbits of electrons."

Wow!
Einstein's question shocked everyone!
What a novel angle!

The most important thing is that he is going against Professor Bruce!

"Is this the courage of the big guys in the old times? They are indeed so powerful!"

"Professor Einstein and Professor Bruce are like brothers. There is a real love-hate relationship between them."

"But his question does make sense."

"It is the theory that determines the precision of our observational methods."

"If there is something wrong with the foundation of matrix mechanics, then..."

In real history, Einstein and others finally came up with a [hidden variable theory].

The core idea is that quantum mechanics is incomplete and there are some hidden variables that have not been discovered.

Therefore, it will show all kinds of bizarre phenomena.

For example, in response to the famous uncertainty principle, the hidden variable theory refutes that there is a deeper logic behind the speed and position of particles.

Hidden variable theory is indeed a bit tricky.

Any theory that does not conform to Einsteinian views can be questioned by using hidden variables.

“You find it magical because there are hidden variables that have not been discovered.”

The Copenhagen School was left speechless.

Fortunately, the hidden variable theory was later falsified through Bell's inequality.

Now, Einstein's question actually has the seeds of the idea of ​​hidden variables.

He believes that being invisible is not really invisible, but it is invisible now and the theory has not developed to that stage yet.

This is hard to refute!

Schrödinger looked excited when he heard this!
There is no false person under the great reputation!
Professor Einstein was indeed just as the rumors said.

He is one of the strongest geniuses under Professor Bruce!

Many people even speculate that if there had been no Professor Bruce, perhaps Einstein would have published the General Opinion.

However, this view was not recognized by the bigwigs.

"In this world, only Bruce Lee could come up with the theory of general relativity."

“There is no era for the blues, only the era of the blues!”

At this moment, everyone in the field looked towards Li Qiwei.

Professor Einstein publicly questioned the theoretical foundations of matrix mechanics.

How does Professor Bruce respond?
However, Li Qiwei just smiled lightly and said casually:
"Listen to Heisenberg."

Everyone smiled knowingly.

At this time, Heisenberg felt a little pressure.

These old monsters of physics are indeed not to be taken lightly.

Their thoughts are indeed not as active as those of young people, but they are deeper than those of young people.

"Professor Einstein, I don't agree with your point of view."

"Because it doesn't fit the conventions of physics research and development."

"Since Newtonian mechanics, the thinking framework of physicists in studying problems is: discover phenomena - summarize laws - propose theories - experimental verification."

“The first step is both the beginning and the most critical.”

“Take Faraday’s discovery of electromagnetic induction in electromagnetism as an example.”

"Let me ask, could he have directly discovered the existence of electrons by bypassing concepts such as electric current and magnetic field?"

"Definitely not!"

"Because in the environment at that time, the parameters he could detect were only observable quantities such as electric current, magnetic field, and motion."

"The electron is an unobservable quantity."

"Of course, the example I mentioned may prove Professor Einstein's point of view."

"But the point I want to make is that Faraday's approach to studying the problem is the most correct."

“As for the discovery of the electron, that was due to the development and iteration of physics.”

"If there are no electrons at the end of the day, the theory of electromagnetic induction will still be correct."

"Because it is based on a theory that we actually observed, the conclusions drawn must also be consistent with the results under real conditions."

"The concept of matrix mechanics is the same as Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic induction."

“As for whether there will be such a thing as [discovering electrons] in quantum mechanics in the future, that is another question.”

"But I think, even if there is, my matrix mechanics will still not be wrong, it just needs to be optimized."

Pretty!

Beautiful explanation!
Even Li Qiwei couldn't help but give a thumbs up.

Einstein's hidden variable idea focuses on the future.

This cannot be easily refuted.

So, Heisenberg did the opposite and told the story of the present.

From the perspective of scientific research orthodoxy, Heisenberg's logic is correct and valid.

In this ideological confrontation, Heisenberg remained calm and resolved Einstein's attack.

Sommerfeld, Born and others smiled and nodded.

They felt that the little guy Heisenberg seemed to have suddenly grown up.

Even his way of thinking began to have the demeanor of a master.

Everyone felt deeply:

"The Quantum Research Institute is really a training ground!"

"Scrap iron turns into real gold."

"Oh, no, scrap metal can't get in there at all. It's real gold."

“It’s a place that specializes in cultivating and reshaping real gold.”

Einstein smiled and nodded.

There is actually no correct answer to his first question.

And it itself does not pose a threat to matrix mechanics.

It primarily attacks the ideas that build theories.

When it comes to Einstein's status, physics research is no longer simply about doing experiments and writing formulas.

The ideas behind them are more important.

Heisenberg's answer hit the nail on the head.

So, he was very satisfied.

He saw the shadow of Bruce in the other person.

Sharp, flexible, smart and passionate.

The only shortcoming is that it lacks the aura of domineering and domineering, and the true form of the martial spirit behind it cannot be seen. At this time, Einstein continued:
"it is good."

"Now, I want to ask my second question."

“The foundation of matrix mechanics is particles, which emphasizes the discontinuity of particles, and electrons will undergo transitions.”

"But in the Wilson cloud chamber experiment, the electrons can show a precise, visible, continuous trajectory."

"But according to matrix mechanics, this trajectory should be discontinuous and incomplete."

"How do you explain this?"

Wow!
After hearing this, Heisenberg was stunned for a moment!

He now seemed like Schrödinger who had just listened to Bohr's problem.

Einstein gave him a fatal blow!

The other party used experimental facts to find loopholes in matrix mechanics.

This is the most terrifying question.

Because experimental data don’t lie.

Even when Heisenberg was in a daze, Einstein was thoughtful enough to put a few photos.

"Look, everyone. This is the trajectory of the electrons in the cloud chamber."

"It's clear that these are continuous tracks rather than discontinuous motions."

Schrödinger was stunned watching.

Is this the genius who lived in the same era as Professor Bruce?

It's so terrifying!
Professor Bohr put an end to the wave theory with one blow.

And now, Professor Einstein has done the same.

The opponent made a slight move and ruthlessly suppressed Heisenberg, who was jumping the most happily!
Matrix mechanics also has fatal flaws!

Wave mechanics and matrix mechanics are indistinguishable from each other!
Pauli, de Broglie, Wu Youxun and others were all shocked.

They thought this was a brand new era.

This is the era of these young and extraordinary geniuses.

But what Bohr and Einstein did just now shattered their dreams.

"The remnants of the old era are also the kings of the old era!"

Rutherford looked at the photo and nodded slightly.

He can authoritatively prove that the above experimental results are real data.

He didn't expect that Wilson's cloud chamber would still shine in the stage of quantum mechanics.

"If Wilson knew the news, he would be very happy."

At this moment, the atmosphere on the field reached its climax.

Lorenz's face was full of smiles.

This kind of exciting and wonderful scene is the host's favorite state.

"The two sides of the debate went back and forth, and it was pretty evenly matched."

“Various wonderful ideas and achievements are presented one after another.”

"Quantum mechanics will surely develop vigorously after today."

“This is the true meaning of the meeting!”

In real history, Einstein's cloud chamber trajectory problem troubled Heisenberg for a long time.

It was not until late one night that Heisenberg finally came up with the answer.

The most important thing is that based on this answer, he continued to think deeply and proposed the famous uncertainty principle.

This is truly a blessing in disguise.

At the same time, it also shows that in the field of physics, good questions are sometimes more important than the answers.

So, if you want to become a big boss, you must learn to ask questions.

But now, it was impossible for Heisenberg to come up with an answer.

Amid the discussion among the crowd, five minutes passed and he still could not give an explanation.

He is now in a state of unrest, his face is flushed, and his brain has stopped thinking.

However, the more anxious I am, the harder it is to think of.

In the end, he had no choice but to surrender.

However, with Schrödinger's example in mind, Heisenberg did not feel too much pressure.

If he were the first to admit defeat, it would probably drive him crazy.

Heisenberg's psychological endurance was too poor.

Seeing this, Lorenz smiled and said to everyone:
"Is there anyone else who can answer Professor Einstein's question?"

No one responded.

Lorenz smiled and joked:
"Pauli, what about you?"

"Don't you want to say something?"

"I think you were very brave just now."

Pauli became unusually embarrassed when he heard this.

Although he is reckless, he is not stupid.

If you don’t know, you don’t know. Scientists can’t brag among themselves.

"Um, Professor, I'm still thinking."

Everyone smiled.

At this time, Lorenz continued:

"It seems that today's discussion has reached a complete deadlock."

"Wave mechanics cannot explain the discrete orbit problem raised by Professor Bohr."

"Matrix mechanics cannot explain the cloud chamber trajectory problem raised by Professor Einstein."

"At present, both theories have their own shortcomings."

"But I personally think that the reports by Schrödinger and Heisenberg just now are very valuable."

"Their results show that both theories can solve real-world problems well and even predict unknown phenomena."

“Compared to their shortcomings, perhaps what theories can do is more worthy of attention and research.”

"Therefore, how to correctly understand and evaluate wave mechanics and matrix mechanics is the top priority in the future."

Lorenz's summary made everyone nod silently.

After the debate just now, everyone now has a new understanding of the two forms of quantum mechanics.

We cannot use simple right and wrong to roughly distinguish between matrix mechanics and wave mechanics.

Judging from the existing reality, both of them are very good theories that can explain most of the problems in quantum theory.

As for the question, which theory can be perfect when it is first born?
Therefore, the big guys can accept it for the time being.

Physics theories do not represent truth.

It is only a simulation and approximation of the truth.

Therefore, being useful is very important.

However, there is one problem that cannot be avoided no matter what.

Since both matrix mechanics and wave mechanics are useful.

So who should we use?

We can't just abandon matrix mechanics just because wave mechanics is simple.

The big guys present would definitely not do so.

Although they use wave mechanics more in their daily research, this is not a reason to abandon matrix mechanics.

Therefore, there must be an explanation to end this contradiction.

At this time, Lorenz looked around at everyone.

His eyes scanned each of them in turn.

Suddenly, he paused on Li Qiwei for a moment.

"Is it really my illusion?"

"But Bruce was indeed a little unusually quiet today."

Then Lorenz said loudly:

"If everyone has no problem, then we'll take a short break."

"After lunch, we will continue the free group discussion in the afternoon."

Just when everyone thought the discussion session was over.

suddenly!

A voice that seemed to come from the sky above roared in, shaking the soul!
"slow!"

(End of this chapter)