1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 528 Schrödinger's strength! "Close the door, release Pauli!" Domineering one-on-two! Shocking the audience!
Faced with Heisenberg's "true intentions", Schrödinger remained calm and unperturbed.

He knew before the meeting started that this issue would definitely be used by the Matrix School to attack his own wave mechanics.

So, during this period of time, he has been thinking about this problem.

Other behaviors of electrons can be explained in the form of waves.

But only single spin is very special, it is a state that only particles can produce.

How do waves spin?

Schrödinger actually came up with a solution.

Although this method cannot provide a perfect explanation for the time being, it is at least a feasible direction.

So he decided to throw out some ideas, hoping that some genius could perfect his idea.

"The wave equation really doesn't yet include electron spin."

"But after some deep thinking recently, I came up with a possibility."

Wow!
Heisenberg was shocked when he heard this.

How did Uncle Xue become so fierce?

It's just like cheating.

Is Switzerland really that good?
Going on vacation can be a great way to get inspired.

Heisenberg panicked.

His matrix mechanics was not advantageous in the first place, and wave mechanics could make up for the shortcomings of spin.

The situation is not optimistic
Others also looked at Schrödinger in shock.

The other party's performance perfectly illustrates what it means to be a late bloomer.

At the age of 36, it is indeed considered old for physics research.

Almost all of the famous bosses in history completed the most important achievements of their lives in their twenties or early thirties.

Late bloomers are very rare in the scientific community, especially in theoretical physics.

At this moment, Schrödinger began to demonstrate the prepared materials.

"Everyone, please take a look. Professor Ehrenfest published a paper on quantum mechanics some time ago."

"In this paper, he introduced a concept that was very unfamiliar to me, called spinor."

"After looking up information, I found that the concept of spinor was first proposed by French mathematician Professor Cartan in 1913."

"He constructed a spinor in order to solve a problem in geometry."

"To put it in a more vivid way, a spinor is the square of a vector."

"Everyone is familiar with vectors. Velocity, displacement, etc. are all vectors."

"After studying the mathematical concept of spinor in depth, I thought it could be used to describe the rotation process in physics."

"As shown in the figure, I forced the wave function ψ to be rewritten in the form of two components."

"At this point, the wave function ψ becomes a spinor, which can describe the spin of the electron."

"At present, I have only proposed this mathematical framework, and the specific demonstration process has not been completed."

"The mathematics involved is quite complex, so it's quite difficult."

"But I firmly believe that the spinor explanation must be feasible."

Wow!
Everyone in the room looked at Schrödinger's deduction in disbelief.

The wave function is about to be played out of control by the other party.

They didn't expect that Schrödinger actually solved the electron spin problem.

"Is this guy really cheating?"

"How could such a Schrödinger have been unknown before?"

"I even suspect that it was Professor Bruce who did it."

Schrödinger's strength left a deep impression on the bigwigs present.

This man is not only handsome, but also has a very solid foundation in physics and understands almost every field.

Everyone was stunned!

No wonder Professor Bruce took a liking to Schrödinger at first sight and recruited him into the Quantum Institute.

"Is this the mysterious Eastern Qi-gazing technique that is said to be so mysterious?"

Ehrenfest's eyes widened.

He was the first to introduce the concept of spinor into quantum mechanics, but it eventually came to prominence in the hands of Schrödinger.

He smiled bitterly and muttered to himself:

“This is the gap between ordinary people and geniuses.”

“It’s really frustrating.”

Dirac looked at the contents on the projector, thoughtful.

He felt that there were some problems with Schrödinger's derivation.

But it was impossible for him to calculate it mentally in a short period of time.

Now is not the time when he competed in the Mathematical Olympiad, when his mathematics skills were the best among his peers and no one could match him.

Easily solve various difficult questions in seconds.

The content of today's meeting is all about discussing the most cutting-edge academic concepts in physics.

Even with his level of talent, he would feel that he is not up to the task.

He had to digest and study it for some time before he could truly understand it.

The geometric concept of spinor seems easy, but it is very complicated and obscure to use.

In real history, the concept of spinor is very important.

Schrödinger hit upon the right idea by accident.

But soon, when he used spinors to deduce, he discovered that there was a contradiction between special relativity and quantum mechanics.

At that time, many physicists tried to resolve this contradiction, but no one succeeded.

Because the mathematical knowledge used in it is quite advanced.

It was not until Dirac emerged that he published another great article following his doctoral thesis, successfully unifying the special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.

He wrote the famous Dirac equation, which perfectly explains the electron spin.

The Dirac equation itself does not contain spinors, but spinors are needed in its derivation.

Not only that, he also predicted the existence of antimatter through this equation.

Awesome Plath!

Of course, now he is just a fledgling little Karami.

Heisenberg's breathing was rapid and his face was slightly red.

He really didn't expect that Schrödinger actually came up with a solution.

With his mathematical knowledge, he could certainly understand the other party's spinor derivation.

Although it is just a mathematical framework, from a logical point of view, there is no problem at all and the possibility of success is very high.

At least now, you can't say it's wrong.

Therefore, Heisenberg's fatal blow was forcibly resolved by Schrödinger.

I am afraid that we will not be able to come to any useful conclusion about the issue of electron spin today.

It is estimated that only Schrödinger and Ehrenfest knew about this thing among the people present.

"No, Professor Bruce must know!"

However, Heisenberg just glanced at Professor Bruce and quickly looked away.

Since he and Schrödinger published their paper, Professor Bruce has never publicly expressed his support for anyone.

This made Heisenberg feel both disappointed and relieved.

He did not have the courage to convince Professor Bruce to support his matrix mechanics and deny Schrödinger's wave mechanics.

Everything depends on the other party's wishes!

But Heisenberg discovered that Professor Bruce had been in a strange state since the meeting began.

His face was four parts smile, three parts serious, two parts cold, and one part carelessness.

Just one glance at this state made his heart tremble and his blood boil, as if he was looking directly at a god!

He was suddenly startled.

"Does Professor Bruce already have the answer in his mind?"

call!
Heisenberg took a deep breath and told himself not to think too much.

The theme of today's meeting is the debate between the two major theories.

No matter what the final result is, he can only face it calmly!

At this moment, Heisenberg had run out of ammunition and food.

He prepared seven or eight questions, but in the end he only asked two.

The rest are all useless and cannot stump Schrödinger at all.

Next, I can only rely on my teammates.

"Close the door and play Pauli!" Finally, he gestured to the podium:
"Professor Lorenz, I have no more questions."

Lorenz nodded and said:
"Next, please ask the Matrix faction or the neutral faction to ask questions to Dr. Schrödinger."

Wow!
Everyone was energized upon hearing this.

The more exciting part is coming!
Among the crowd, Pauli was the first to raise his hand; he couldn't wait any longer.

"Dr. Schrödinger, I have two questions."

"First, your wave mechanics is based on the theory of matter waves."

"But matter wave theory recognizes the wave-particle duality, and there is also the parameter of mass in your wave equation."

"Why do you think particles don't exist?"

“If there are no particles, where does mass come from?”

"Waves themselves do not have the property of mass, such as photons."

"So, when you say that electrons are waves and not particles, you are simply contaminating your wave equation!"

"For the second question, I have studied the matter wave theory in detail and found that the waveguide theory has big problems."

"If matter-wave theory is wrong, then the wave dynamics that underlie it is also wrong."

“Therefore, I would also like to ask Dr. de Broglie to explain my doubts about his waveguide theory.”

Wow!
Pauli's words are shocking, and he is worthy of being called a master of man.

As soon as he opened his mouth, he directly challenged the two geniuses, Schrödinger and de Broglie.

This courage shocked the whole audience!
In Pauli's view, de Broglie and Schrödinger must be in the same group.

So, he just cleaned it up together.

Moreover, he was very sharp in his words and even said that Schrödinger had tarnished his wave equation.

That’s really mean!

Sommerfeld lowered his head in embarrassment.

"This idiot!"

However, Heisenberg didn't care.

Pauli’s momentum was so strong that he suppressed the whole audience!
He was excited and shouted wildly in his heart:
"Brother Pauli, you are really my good brother!"

"If there's anything you really need to do, go ahead!"

Wu Youxun smiled slightly when he heard this.

He didn't expect that the questions he prepared were also thought of by Pauli.

However, he somewhat disagreed with the other party's second question.

"If Davidson's experiment is correct, then..."

At this moment, a gleam of light flashed in the eyes of Schrödinger and de Broglie at the same time!
The two looked at each other and instantly reached an offensive and defensive alliance.

Originally, de Broglie was a neutral person, he believed that wave-particle duality was the essence.

Neither matrix mechanics nor wave mechanics alone are comprehensive enough.

But Pauli's provocation made him turn to wave mechanics.

He, the future duke, really has no temper.

At this time, Schrödinger said:

"Dr. de Broglie, why don't you come first?"

Hearing this, de Broglie nodded.

The opponent had just finished a fierce battle with Heisenberg and was exhausted, so he took the opportunity to rest.

He gave Schrödinger a reassuring look, then slowly stood up and faced Pauli.

Then he came over to Schrödinger and started to fight back.

Many bigwigs and geniuses who came to attend the meeting today have made a lot of preparations to deal with this situation.

De Broglie was no exception; the content of his reports was ready-made.

"My waveguide theory is to explain the nature of wave-particle duality."

“An electron is like a surfer. Its wave nature is the wave, and its particle nature is the surfboard.”

“The waves show the way for the surfboard.”

"The propagation path of the electron wave is the direction in which the electron particles move."

“It comes on the wave and goes on the wave.”

"Every particle has a definite position and trajectory in space."

“Electrons without waves are like a blind man without a cane; waves without electrons are like a cane without its master.”

“Particle and wave natures are interdependent.”

After that, de Broglie demonstrated the mathematical derivation of the pilot wave theory.

Some of his latest thinking has also been added.

He thought his theory was perfect.

Schrödinger watched and nodded.

Although he and de Broglie had different views, the other party was clearly on his side.

However, at this moment, Pauli's sharp eyes, like a laser, scanned the entire calculation process.

He smiled slightly and said sharply:

"I'm sorry, Dr. de Broglie, although you have perfected your waveguide theory."

“But it still has problems.”

Suddenly, Pauli raised his voice and said domineeringly:
"Your waveguide theory cannot explain inelastic scattering!"

In the context of quantum mechanics, inelastic scattering refers to the change or transformation of the internal state of a particle into other particles after two particles collide.

For example, most of the various bombardment experiments conducted by Rutherford were inelastic scattering.

Upon hearing this, de Broglie was startled!
He hastened to re-examine his theory.

He even started calculating the inelastic scattering process on the spot.

As a result, his expression turned ugly in an instant.

hiss!
What Pauli said was true.

Guided wave theory cannot explain inelastic scattering!
Pauli continued, taking advantage of the victory:
"Also, your guided waves have no clear physical meaning; it is a purely mathematical concept."

"That's hard to explain the behavior of electrons."

"At least Schrödinger's wave function still has the meaning of charge density distribution."

Wow!
The whole audience was shocked!

Pauli obviously came prepared.

The aggressive momentum is frightening!

You have to know that this is the top conference in physics.

But Pauli still attacks powerfully!
This reflects his extraordinary strength!

Planck, Lorentz and other bigwigs were filled with emotion.

“Young people nowadays are so fierce!”

Heisenberg almost laughed out loud with excitement.

Brother Pao is so awesome!

God's whip is specifically for geniuses!
At this point, de Broglie fell into silence.

He didn't know how to refute Pauli's doubts.

In real history, the waveguide theory was quickly abandoned by the physics community after it was proposed.

As Pauli analyzed, its shortcomings were too obvious and fatal.

However, after 2000, cutting-edge physics experimental research showed that waveguide theory is not that simple.

There may be a deeper meaning to it.

Guided wave is back!

But now, de Broglie could only shake his head in disappointment.

He was ruthlessly defeated by Pauli!

Lang Zhiwan felt very distressed watching from below.

But he could only worry and could not help much.

"The teacher is not strong enough"

At this time, Pauli looked at Schrödinger proudly.

The meaning is self-evident.

"De Broglie has already lost, it's your turn!"

Schrödinger walked calmly to de Broglie and patted him on the shoulder like an older brother.

"It's okay, leave it to me!"

(End of this chapter)