The Fourth Outstanding Person of Huangpu Military Academy

Chen Duxiu: "Neither the Guangdong nor the Hubei District Committees had the opportunity to handle the Northern Expedition's weapons and ammunition."

"Secretary Duxiu, even if these weapons and ammunition didn't come from the Party, we can still get some military support. Some armies in the Northern Expedition, like the Fourth Army, have many Communist Party members. These armies are few in number, but they are still considered armed forces in the hands of the revolutionary forces. If we leave the Communist International, these armies won't follow us."

Chen Duxiu: "I know there are a lot of Communists in the Fourth Army... It's not clear whether these Communists will follow the Comintern or us. Even if they go with the Comintern, we can still form our own team.

Peng Shuzhi: "Recruit a team? How do we recruit them? Secretary Duxiu, look at the Chinese area outside. Look, that's Chiang Kai-shek's ace troops. There's not a single Communist there. Look at their army! Even the Fourth Army, which has the largest number of Communists, wouldn't be able to defeat this army. In the future, we won't even have an army like the Fourth Army. How can we recruit a team from scratch from the peasant, student, and worker guards? Are we going to use our heads to start the revolution?!"

Chen Duxiu took a deep breath and held back what he wanted to say: "Shuzhi! Even if only Dazhao and I are left to carry the guns, the revolution must continue.

Xiang Ying left.

Peng Shuzhi also left. Both of them boarded the ship to Wuhan that day.

Tan Pingshan stayed.

Cai Hesen hesitated for a long time, but finally stayed.

Wuhan is now the administrative capital of the Nationalist government and the seat of the new Party Central Committee. The Guangdong District Committee, once the behemoth of the Party, relocated its members and organizations to Wuhan last year following the Nationalist government's relocation of the capital. The Hubei District Committee is now the most bloated provincial Party organization. The Communist International's decision was communicated to Wuhan.

"I'm leaving Wuhan and going to Shanghai for a meeting.

Mao Runzhi's theory.

"Runzhi, you are not a member of the Central Committee now. But you are the only remaining Communist minister in the National Government." Zhang Tailei said.

Mao Runzhi: "At least I am still a member of the party's national representatives.

Zhang Tailei: "The revolutionary forces are still so weak, it is really inappropriate for us to divide them up like this.

Xia Xi: "It's true that splitting up the family will disperse our power, but, after all, this is a very difficult decision to make. ... Anyway, Mao Runzhi and I will go to Shanghai together. Yunan, what are your thoughts?"

"Me?" Lin Yunan, who was present, had a helpless expression on his face. "Let me think about it.

Mao Runzhi: "Do you want to ask your cousin's opinion first?

Lin Yunan: "Hey, there are three of us cousins. Yuying and I are members of the Communist Party, but my cousin Lin Biao is not! I recommended him to study at Huangpu Military Academy, but he ran to the First Division of the First Army before he graduated. It is said that he has become a company commander in less than half a year. I tried to mobilize him to join the Communist Party of China, but he was unwilling to do so. He was having a lot of fun being a company commander in the First Division. He was simply enjoying it! If Yuying and I ended up in the same party, it would be terrible. I wonder if the three cousins ​​would end up in three different parties.

Mao Runzhi: “…You should ask your cousin for his opinion first.

Chapter 59: General Secretary Chen Yannian's Persistence

The response to these events between the Communist International and the Chinese Communist Party in the press was unexpectedly calm.

The news of Chen Duxiu's dismissal was leaked by a reporter from Shenbao from the Guangzhou District Committee. It made the front page but was not the main story.

Three days later, Chen Duxiu issued a statement on behalf of the Shanghai Party Central Committee, expressing his disagreement with the Communist International's decision. He said he would convene another central meeting and prepare for the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China. This news was also on the front page but not the headline.

However, this statement was distributed to almost all domestic newspapers and periodicals because Chen Duxiu issued a telegram.

"Every revolution has its own national conditions. China is a country with backward productive forces and even more backward production relations. This is different from Europe and the Soviet Union. China is a country with an Eastern civilization, while all previous socialist movements took place within the sphere of Western civilization.

"In two countries of different natures, in two different civilizations, the methods of carrying out socialist and communist revolutions must necessarily be very different if they are to succeed. We must retain the power of independence and must adopt independent approaches.

"Regarding the Communist International, the Central Committee and General Secretary Chen Duxiu have always held the following view:

"The Communist International should guide the Communist Parties of various countries, not lead them. The Communist International should be an alliance of the Communist Parties of all countries, not an administrative body for the Communist Parties of all countries.

“Why do we emphasize this point in particular? Because the Communist International, at this stage, is highly bound to the Soviet Union.

"The Communist Party of China will continue its revolutionary path, but under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and with the support of the working people throughout the country, it will strive mainly for self-reliance to achieve the rejuvenation and liberation of the Chinese nation.

hmaa

"What's going on? What on earth is going on?"

Seeing the telegram with the same content published in various newspapers, Wang Jingwei seemed to be divided.

Gu Mengyu: "Chairman Wang, I see in this telegram that Chen Duxiu seems to be hesitant to speak, and there are some things he hasn't said.

Gu Mengyu was previously the Minister of Education of the Kuomintang and is now the Acting Minister of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department.

When did you start? Three hours ago.

Three hours ago, Mao Runzhi resigned and in his resignation letter recommended that Gu Mengyu take over the management of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department.

Wang Jingwei: "It seems that the Communist International has the CCP secretly doing some things. This is not just a rumor, but a real thing. Otherwise, Chen Duxiu would not have been so decisive in establishing a new central government.

Gu Mengyu: "However, it seems that the Communist International removed Chen Duxiu from his post first, and Chen Duxiu's move was a counterattack. If the Communist International had not removed him from his post, Chen Duxiu would probably have chosen to continue to maintain relations with the International.

Wang Jingwei: "Meng Yu, the point of the matter is not here. If Chen Duxiu's statement confirms that the things about the Communist International did exist, then those things are terrible.

"Is this Chen Duxiu's telegram?"

"Can you tell me what's behind this?"

Tao,

Yu Qiaqing saw the newspaper, but did not want to find out the truth behind it.

"Mr. Yu, this telegram signifies a split. A few days ago, the Communist International dismissed Chen Duxiu from his position as General Secretary, and Chen Duxiu then gathered those who still supported him and established a separate Communist Party Central Committee.

Yu Qiaqing: "Will he still be a revolutionary?"

"According to what is said in this telegram, the revolution must continue.

Yu Zhiqing: "Then he is still the same, there is no difference between the two Communist Parties:

Zhang Jingjiang, however, was looking at a different piece of paper. It wasn't a newspaper, but a telegraph sheet from the telegraph office. Zhang Jingjiang's business involved telecom operations in many places, so he had access to these things.

The difference between a telegram and a newspaper is that it contains the recipient, date of transmission, etc. The recipient is written as "various bureaus and stations".

"Chen Duxiu sent a 'big telegram,'" Zhang Jingjiang said, holding up the telegram paper. "Based on the rough number of words in this telegram, it must have cost Chen Duxiu 20,000 yuan to send it.

Electricity is a unique phenomenon of the Republic of China.

Whenever warlords or celebrities had something important to announce to the world, they would issue a telegram.

If you are unhappy with someone else's telegram, you can also send a telegram to refute it. Both parties can curse each other from a distance, and the telegraph office will laugh.

Because it was incredibly expensive. Telegraphing specifically refers to sending messages over a commercially operated wired telegraph network, but instead of a single recipient, the recipients are "various bureaus" or "stations." Once a telegram is sent, when it reaches the next city's node, the telegraph bell rings, and the telegraph operator copies the message. Simultaneously, the signal is amplified at this node and continues to travel along the telegraph line. At the next city's node, the bell rings again, and the telegraph operator also copies the message. A single telegraph line, say from Beijing to Guangzhou, could have dozens of stations receiving the message, much like a mass text message.

Then there was more than one wired telegraph line across the country, and in the 1920s there were probably more than 300 stations along several lines across the country.

So the price of a telegram is 1 cents per word, multiplied by the total number of words, multiplied by a little over 2...

The large telegraph was sometimes a significant burden for warlords in the second, third, and fourth tiers of the time, leading to the creation of the small telegraph. While the large telegraph sent every one of the 300 or so stations, the small telegraph only sent to the major telegraph offices, bypassing the smaller ones. These were located in major cities with developed newspaper industries. The most economical and affordable version, the small telegraph, could be sent for a few hundred dollars.

This time, Chen Duxiu sent a general telegram.

Yu Qiaqing expressed his confusion at Zhang Jingjiang's words: "What's wrong with 20,000 yuan?"

Zhang Jingjiang: "As far as I know, 20,000 yuan is not a small sum for a political party..."

Wuhan.

"The Communist International proposed that Comrade Chen Yannian should assume the responsibility of leading the Chinese Communist Party."

"Comrade Chen Yannian should convene the Fifth National Congress as soon as possible to elect 10 to 12 new Central Committee members, who will be responsible for leading all Party work."

Chen Yannian received the notice that Chen Duxiu was dismissed by the Communist International a few days ago. The additional telegram received today means that the Communist International has decided that you will be the general secretary.

The general secretary needs to be democratically elected within the party," said Chen Yannian.

Zhang Tailei: "Secretary Chen, we practice democratic centralism, not democracy. Democratic centralism means we democratically elect the Supreme Executive Committee of the Communist International, and the Supreme Executive Committee exercises centralized power. We still consider ourselves members of the Communist International, right? We acknowledge it, that's it."

Chen Yannian turned around and asked, "Yinong, what's your opinion?

Luo Yinong: "According to the 21 articles of the Communist International, this is theoretically true.

Chen Yannian: "But in reality, the Communist International did not implement democratic centralism, and its Supreme Executive Committee was not elected by one vote per member of each Communist Party. Therefore, it did not have the prerequisites for democratic centralism. In the past, the Supreme Executive Committee's explanation of the leadership power in the 21 articles of the Communist International's Charter was actually vague. It is true that according to Article 21, there is such power, but in reality, the Supreme Executive Committee recognizes the general secretary or chairperson elected by the congresses of the Communist Parties of various countries. This current issue has touched upon the deepest level of Article 21."

"The Communist International did not appoint our general secretary remotely, but only proposed it. Look, the original text says 'propose'," Zhang Tailei said. "I think the Communist International meant to propose you as general secretary, but the real intention is that they hope you will convene the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and re-elect the general secretary and members of the Central Committee.

Chen Yannian: "Is this election a democratic election? Are you allowing me to lose?

Will the national party delegates be allowed to re-elect Comrade Chen Duxiu as General Secretary?

Zhang Tailei: "Ah, this should not be allowed.

Luo Yinong: "You should be the only candidate."

Chen Yannian smiled helplessly and shook his head: "If that's the case, I suggest that the Fifth Congress should not be held too early. This is not the most important thing at the moment. The most important thing is military affairs."

The second phase of the Northern Expedition has ended and the third phase is about to begin.

In the first phase, the Northern Expedition Army entered Hunan to support Tang Shengzhi, and then took over Hubei and Jiangxi.

The breakthrough in the second phase mainly occurred in the east. The Northern Expedition Army captured Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, wiping out Sun Chuanfang's old base. In addition, the Fujian strategy that had been implemented since the first phase was finally completed. He Yingqin opened up Fujian, and all areas south of the Yangtze River came under the jurisdiction of the National Government.

The third phase was to defeat Zhang Zuolin and the remaining forces of Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang. There were two main directions of advance: northward along the Beijing-Hankou Railway and northward along the Jinpu Railway.

However, in the direction of the Beijing-Hankou Railway, after the National Revolutionary Army reached Xinyang, it encountered the Huaihe River defense line jointly formed by Zhang Zuolin and Wu Peifu. The Fengtian Army was densely guarded in the direction of the Huaihe River Bridge. The Northern Expedition Army could not cross the river, and it was also difficult to take a detour.

The Northern Expedition headquarters was currently considering exploring the Jinpu Railway. The 2nd and 6th Armies, disciplined for looting after the capture of Nanjing, planned to cross the Yangtze River in mid-February and march north to capture Bengbu and Xuzhou.

It is important to note that all of these Northern Expedition strategies and major battle deployments were now being planned by the Northern Expedition Army's headquarters staff in Nanchang. This means that the CCP has not yet been able to intervene in the formulation and command of the Northern Expedition's strategy. The CCP's organizational structure is currently primarily operating under the orders of the Communist International, implanting members in the Northern Expedition's armies, except for the First Army, and establishing a political work system.

Of course, there were Communists in the Northern Expedition Army Headquarters. There were General Galen and his advisory group.

...Therefore, the senior officers of the headquarters included members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Kuomintang, but also members of the Communist Party of China.

The first thing Chen Yannian did after taking over as acting secretary was to go to Borodin and ask the Soviet Union to solve the problem of training senior military talents for the Communist Party of China.

"Senior military talent will be available, but it will take time. Before that, Soviet military advisers will take on this responsibility. They already form a complete general staff team. General Galen is capable enough to command the entire country's army."

Borodin's answer.

Chen Yannian: But that was just the military advisory group of the Northern Expedition Army.

Borodin: "You and I both understand the roadmap for the future Chinese revolution. Yes, you are now serving as an advisory group to the Northern Expedition Army, and in the future you will be serving as an advisory group to the Chinese Red Army. The mission of the Chinese Communist Party is to station Party members, with an emphasis on Party representatives, in each army of the Northern Expedition, and to control as many armies as possible. When we launch the revolution to overthrow the bourgeois government, you will control a sufficient number of troops, and we, the Soviet Union, will be responsible for providing a general staff to oversee the entire war. You must understand that the Soviet Union is the backing of the Chinese revolution.

"Of course, this is only a vision for the future. For now, we still need to defeat Zhang Zuolin. Before defeating this last warlord, the theme of the Chinese revolution is the Northern Expedition, and Chiang Kai-shek is the unique commander of the Northern Expedition because he is the only one with the power to lead the Chinese national bourgeoisie and become its spokesperson. This is why the Soviet Union did not directly oppose Chiang Kai-shek. In the words of General Secretary Stalin, we must use Chiang Kai-shek, squeeze him like a lemon, and then throw him away.

Chen Yannian: "Comrade Borodin, if we don't have high-level military personnel, we will have difficulty controlling the various armies of the Northern Expedition. The Northern Expedition has more than just a headquarters and a general staff. Now dozens of armies have been divided into the Eastern, Central, and Western Route Armies, and within them are the Jiangzuo and Jiangyou Armies. We can't just limit ourselves to placing Party representatives at the division, regiment, and battalion level in the army. We need cadres at a higher level, we need senior military cadres."

"If you insist," Borodin said, "then I can consider sending them for training this year, 1927. But you must understand that in selecting cadres to go to the Soviet Union for advanced military training, we must also strike a balance between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. I already have the candidates. Liu Bocheng and Ye Ting are already excellent division-level officers. They can undergo a full training in commanding the army commanders in the Soviet Union. In addition, I must select one or two officers from the Kuomintang to go to the Soviet Union for training. I am currently favoring Chen Tianheng.

Chen Yannian's eyes lit up: "Two Communists and one Kuomintang, I am very satisfied with this ratio."

Chapter 60: Further study? No

Borodin/Gallen took a liking to Chen Tianheng and thought that this Kuomintang major general could be trained to become a front-level commander. Chen Tianheng was completely unaware of this.

In Nanchang, as soon as Galen said this, Chiang Kai-shek suppressed it.

The.

"General Galen, this is the critical moment of the Northern Expedition, there is no need for this," said Chiang Kai-shek.

Galen didn't insist: "The Northern Expedition will be won within a year. Commander-in-Chief Chiang, you can make plans for a year later."

"If the Soviet side is willing to train senior generals of our party's army," Chiang Kai-shek thought for a while, "you might consider Liu Zhi, commander of the Second Division, and Hu Zongnan, commander of the Fourth Regiment of the Second Division. Although they are inferior to Chen Tianheng, they are also powerful generals under my command.

gallon:"

688

Chen Tianheng continued to train the First Division in Songjiang.

One month has passed since the capture of Shanghai. From the general staff to the grassroots soldiers, the First Division has digested the experience of the battle on the Shanghai-Hangzhou line.

The training rhythm during wartime and peacetime is indeed different. In peacetime, there is no such cycle of training-actual combat-retraining-summarization-improvement-actual combat again. Moreover, the 1st Division's current cycle is very short. From the Nanxun Line to Shanghai, it has already cycled and improved three times.

"Come on, come on! Let's see how good my driving skills are."

Huang Wei shook his head in the cab. The off-road truck drove straight forward on the training ground of Songjiang Camp, then slowed down, and then Huang Wei turned the steering wheel sharply to turn.

All the officers present today also replaced "I" with "Benqiong". It is obvious that the First Division has added new equipment.

RE0's 1925 Speedwagon, or rather, the ancestor of pickup trucks. This 1925 model was a more powerful version. The van weighed 3.25 tons fully loaded and was equipped with a six-cylinder engine with a horsepower of 67, which was quite powerful for the era, more powerful than many tank engines.

Moreover, the 1925 Speedwagon cost only $1225, or about 2500 yuan. In China, buying six qualified large draft horses would also cost about 2500 yuan.

It took six draft horses to tow a one-ton 75mm field gun, but the Speedwagon could not only tow the field gun, but also accommodate the gun crew in the carriage, with several boxes of ammunition under their feet.

"From Pukou to Bengbu to Xuzhou, most of the terrain is flat, and the further north you go, the flatter it gets," Huang Wei said. "Trucks can indeed replace draft horses. As for roads, if the wheels of the 75mm field gun won't sink into the road, then neither will trucks."

Chen Tianheng: "But we still need to bring our draft horses with us, and be prepared for the truck to break down. Do we have an overview of the bridges in the Bengbu and Xuzhou areas?"

Huang Wei: "I understand the situation. By the way, if we go out on the expedition, will we have enough gasoline for 30 trucks?"

Chen Tianheng: "At least everything should be shipped to Nanjing, where it can be transported by caravans. Then, when we move north along the Jinpu Railway, it will depend on where the logistics station is located."

Qian Zhuangfei also arrived in Songjiang.