The Fourth Outstanding Person of Huangpu Military Academy

The War Research Society is a research group composed of outstanding students from our university who are interested in deepening their understanding of military science and war science. The mission of the War Research Society is to 'have a global perspective, focus on the future, study war, and win wars.'

At the meeting to reopen Huangpu Military Academy, Ye Jianying had several things to announce.

"The president of the War Research Society, and also its founder, is Chen Tianheng. The president of the current students in the War Research Society is Chen Shigui, a student from the seventh term. The president of the current students will rotate with the graduation of the students, but the president will of course be Chen Tianheng, and that will not change."

Chen Tianheng stood up and stood at attention, and at the same time signaled Chen Shigui with his eyes to stand up as well. The two of them saluted everyone present.

"The Young Military Association is an organization of progressive military personnel at the Whampoa Military Academy, established with the help of Yun Daiying and other instructors. Now, the Young Military Association has expanded into our army, becoming a revolutionary organization of progressive military personnel not limited to Whampoa cadets."

"Jiang Xianyun, President and founder of the Young Military Association.

The current president of the student association is Wang Zhen, a student from the seventh batch.

Jiang Xianyun and Wang Zhen stood up.

Ye Jianying: "The Red Star Propaganda Society is a Whampoa Military Academy military organization dedicated to revolutionary and military literary propaganda. Now, the Red Star Society has also expanded to our army, and it is an organization of the best political and military propaganda cadres in our army."

Chen Geng coughed twice.

Ye Jianying: "The president of the Red Star Society, after our hard work, now--"

"We have invited Lu Xun and Zhou Shuren to serve as presidents of the Red Star Society!"

applause.

Lu Xun stood up, nodded slightly to the attendees, and said: "It was General Ye Jianying who insisted on inviting me. There was also a person present whose name I cannot reveal, who tried every possible means to persuade me to come. I had no choice but to agree. But I must make one thing clear in advance: I am an honorary president. Honor is just a title, and I have no say in the matter.

Chen Tianheng chuckled, but of course he was still clapping his hands vigorously. Lu Xun sat down. Ye Jianying said, "Mr. Lu Xun is the honorary president of the Red Star Society. The president of the Red Star Society is--"

"Guo Moruo!

Lu Xun and Guo Moruo are now sitting side by side.

Of course, there was no verbal exchange or physical contact between the two. Lu Xun held Guo Moruo's cigarette in his left hand and his cigarette in his right.

Are there any criticisms of Guo Moruo in the Complete Works of Lu Xun? Yes, they are. But they were just jokes among people in the same circle, like a roommate in a university dorm calling his roommate "damn, idiot"? No one would take it seriously.

...After we left Nanchang, there were no trains or ships, so we had to walk everything! Oh my god, I walked from Nanchang to Ganzhou, then back from Ganzhou to Yichun, Tonggu, and then Changsha. Oh, and in Changsha, I took a short train to Zhuzhou and Anyuan.

…And then, with no trains to take, I walked and walked. It was my first time walking through the Wuling Mountains. The mountains in the south are layered one upon another. Sometimes they seem so far away, but then the rain comes and the sky clears, and the mountains suddenly appear within sight. It gives you a startling feeling.

Guo Moruo spoke eloquently, and Lu Xun, for once, listened with great interest as Guo Moruo described his own glorious past.

Chen Tianheng: "Old Guo, if you could ride a horse, it wouldn't be so tiring."

"I have a horse. I was given one, and I can ride it, but Yilan is in poor health. She suffered from malaria for half of the march. I should take better care of the female comrade, so I should give the horse to her.

Peng Yilan was sitting quietly beside Guo Moruo at this moment. When she heard Guo Moruo mention her, she lowered her head and smiled shyly.

After Guo Moruo finished smoking a cigarette, he turned his head left and right. Peng Yilan realized that he had made a mistake and brought the teacup containing cigarette ash for Guo Moruo to put the cigarette butt in.

"Guo! Mo! Ruo!"

A female voice like thunder echoed outside the small reception room. Guo Moruo was so frightened that he quickly threw away the match: "...That's not right! Didn't Mulan retreat to the Soviet Union with the Wuhan Central Committee?"

Chen Tianheng: "The central organization staff who withdrew north with the Communist International have been returning to their units one after another. We often saw them returning during our march. Huang Mulan and several comrades from the Hankou Women's Department left the unit in Guisui, passed through Beijing, and then took a boat to Tianjin. They arrived in Guangzhou last week."

"Oh no! Oh no!"

Whampoa Pier, Cheung Chau Island.

Chen Tianheng took his leave early, left the small reception room and went to the dock to wait for the boat.

After waiting for a while, the ship had not yet docked, but Jiang Xianyun and Chen Geng arrived.

Chen Tianheng: "Didn't Comrades Huang Mulan and Peng Yilan fight? A fight between these two, a female spy and a female instructor at the Wuhan Military Academy, would be quite a spectacle."

Chen Geng: "No, the two of them were beating Director Guo together.

Chen Tianheng: "..

Jiang Xianyun: "Hey! The boat is coming! The boat is coming!

The steam roll-on/roll-off ship from Hong Kong sounded its horn and approached the dock. Dock workers hurriedly tied the ropes, and the boatmen on board also lifted the tarpaulin from the deck to prepare for unloading. After all, the whole of Guangdong was their territory, so there was nothing to hide.

Renault FT-17 tank.

There are five in total.

Chen Tianheng felt relieved: "These five old friends, I missed them a lot after not seeing them for half a year in Xuzhou and Bengbu!"

Jiang Xianyun: "We missed it too. But, in the end, were there only five cars put together?

Chen Tianheng: "The three cars in the best condition were sent to Nanjing for exhibition. These five cars represent the best efforts of our engineers...and they are enough.

These tanks were the Renault FT-17s destroyed or abandoned by the Fengtian Army during the Battle of Jinpu. While cleaning up the battlefield, Chen Tianheng and Huang Wei had made some adjustments, treating these unmovable tanks as scrap metal, which was then taken away by scrap collectors. Of course, the company that collected the scrap metal was also owned by Chen Ying.

This batch of tanks were collected and transported to the rural areas of Hong Kong's New Territories via Haizhou (Lianyungang). They were then repaired by engineers and 5 of them were recovered. All of them have now been sent here.

In addition to the five tanks, there were also trucks on the ro-ro ship, which were the 1925 model of RE0 used by the First Division before the Battle of Jinpu Road.

Chen Tianheng: "Principal Ye has already begun planning the establishment of the Armored Mechanization Department at the Whampoa Military Academy. These five tanks and trucks are the teaching aids for the Armored Department.

Jiang Xianyun: "If we put armor plates on this civilian truck, will it still be able to run on the road?

Chen Tianheng: "For teaching purposes, just cover it with canvas. By the way, the Armored Department will first recruit a group of students for the advanced training class, selected from active-duty officers. I've already selected candidates for the First Army: Intelligence and Communications Staff Officer Qian Deng Ruoxian, Guan Linzheng from the First Division's Reconnaissance Battalion, and Dai Anlan from the Second Division's Reconnaissance Battalion. Should the Fourth Army also select a few candidates to return to Whampoa to study armored mechanized warfare?

Chen Geng: "Chen Tianheng, look, ... I want to come back to study, is that okay?

Chapter 131: In Memory of Comrade Pavlov

“A bow.

“Two bows.

"Three bows."

It's been three years since Pavlov, the first chief military advisor to the Whampoa Military Academy and the revolutionary army, drowned while on duty. Today, Ye Jianying led Whampoa faculty and representatives of the first class of cadets to visit Pavlov's tomb to pay their respects.

At the cemetery on Cheung Chau Island, the inscription "Pavel Pavlov (1892-1924)" on the tombstone identifies the owner. However, Pavlov's remains are not here.

According to Pavlov's own wishes and the request of his family, at the end of 1924, Pavlov's coffin was transported back to the Soviet Union and buried in the Vagankovo ​​Cemetery in Moscow. Some of Pavlov's belongings were later placed in the tomb on Changzhou Island, and the tombstone was retained for the teachers and students of Huangpu to commemorate him.

Comrade Pavlov was a senior commander in the Red Army during the Russian Civil War. He led the Assault Group Infantry Brigade in battle against the Wrangel Makhno and Antonov rebels. After the war, he served as the principal of the Red Army's Advanced Infantry Command School. In April 1924, he accepted a dispatch from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Soviet Army and traveled thousands of miles to Guangzhou, China, to serve as Chief Advisor of the Whampoa Military Academy and concurrently as Sun Yat-sen's Chief Military Advisor and Head of the Military Advisory Group.

During the short few months he worked in China, Comrade Pavlov helped the Kuomintang and the Communist Party establish a regular junior military academy on Changzhou Island that was adapted to modern warfare. He also formulated the academy's rules and regulations, teaching materials, and training standards. He also devoted himself to coordinating, supervising, and distributing Soviet aid materials, weapons, and ammunition.

"The joint efforts of Comrade Pavlov and the teachers and students of the Whampoa Military Academy have provided China's revolutionary forces with the basic conditions for establishing a revolutionary army.

Comrade Pavlov was also the first instructor advisor to the War Research Society. Upon hearing that the Whampoa students had established such a military academic organization, Pavlov offered enthusiastic encouragement and support. Although Comrade Pavlov had disagreements and objections to the War Research Society's research direction, he did provide substantial assistance in its establishment.

In front of Pavlov's tomb, Chen Tianheng wanted to say a few words.

"After Pavlov's unfortunate death, he was succeeded by General Galen. During the Northern Expedition, General Galen led a military advisory group of over 40 advisors who accompanied the army and served as military advisors to the various armies and divisions of the Northern Expedition. In many Northern Expedition units, the Soviet military advisory group was the true chief of staff or general staff, while our own staff, due to their limited capabilities, could only assist the Soviet advisors.

"During the Northern Expedition, Comrade Gorbunov, the military adviser of the Fourth Army, also died of illness."

"There are many Soviet comrades like Pavlov and Gorbunov who worked tirelessly and silently for the victory of the Chinese revolution. They will always be remembered, respected and regarded as role models. Not only in the past, but I believe that in the future, there will be many friends from other countries who, guided by idealism and firm internationalist beliefs, will come to China and selflessly help China.

"but--"

"We have made this decision: our party is not a branch of the Communist International, but an independent political party. Now, this decision has been written into the declaration of the Fifth Congress of the party that is being held.

"A person's sentiments, qualities, and moral standards represent only that person and cannot be used to infer the behavior of the group to which that person belongs. The true purpose or goal of a group's behavior is not determined by its written program, but is subject to a higher will."

The Communist International required enormous funds to operate, and these funds came from the Soviet Union. Therefore, this organization, whose purpose was internationalism and the unity of the world proletariat, inevitably, consciously or unconsciously, served the Soviet Union.

"This even manifests itself in individual behavior. A military advisor in the Northern Expedition might normally devote his heart and soul to military management and staff work, but he would also receive strange orders, and when he received them, he would obey unconditionally. This is a real example, and fortunately, this order was inadvertently prevented by our comrades."

"Am I helping communists in other countries? Yes. Am I aiding revolutionary movements in other countries? Yes. But why, after a few years, has my motherland become bigger?

"Oops, I'm so sorry, I accidentally took the wrong script."

"It's best if he just keeps this in mind. If he says it out loud out of sheer pride, his colleagues and compatriots might burst out laughing. And you're right there with them. How would you feel?"

There's a saying that goes, "When you become friends with someone, you develop respect for them." True friendship requires maintaining a certain distance. Excessive intimacy, or a lack of distinction between the two, can overdraw a friendship. This applies to interpersonal relationships as well as to our Party's interactions with the Communist International or the Soviet Union.

"Only when we maintain a sufficient 'safe distance,' where you don't control me and I don't control you, but simply learn from each other's experiences and lessons and encourage each other, is friendship at its best. Even if we end up competing with each other, that's a good thing, because competition can accelerate progress for both parties, and competition is transparent, preventing anyone from 'unknowingly picking up the wrong script.'"

The Fifth National Congress, which Chen Duxiu and the entire party had been looking forward to for a long time, was held in Guangzhou.

This was the first national congress held by the Party within its own political power. Delegates no longer had to secretly change their names or worry about the police coming in to question them.

In fact, there were police and soldiers standing guard outside the venue.

The most important and first item on the agenda of the conference was to break away from the Communist International.

When the First National Congress was held, the CCP was not yet a member of the communist countries because the Communist International believed that the CCP had only about 50 people and was just like a subsidy swindler, and did not meet the standards for joining the Communist International.

The CCP joined the Communist International only after the Second Congress. Then the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Congresses were held, and then the two sides separated.

The actions of the Guangdong and Hubei District Party Committees after the start of the Northern Expedition were characterized as "executing orders from the Communist International that had not been reviewed by the Party Central Committee." Chen Yannian was given a serious warning within the Party, and other leaders at all levels were also punished accordingly.

The warning was given because before Chen Duxiu's declaration of separation in February of this year, the CCP was indeed a branch of the Communist International, and the Comintern had the authority to issue directives and resolutions to the CCP. After the formal separation at the Fifth Congress, if anyone continued to follow the Comintern's lead and act on their own, it would no longer be a warning.

The conference also determined the strategy of "step-by-step implementation" for the overall plan and blueprint of the Chinese revolution.

In the words of Chen Duxiu, "If you can't even sweep your own house, how can you sweep the world? If you can't govern a province well, how can you govern China?"

Based on this strategy, the Military Commission also formulated a corresponding military strategy. It called for mobilizing the countryside, developing the cities, establishing a military service system for both urban and rural areas, building a modern military supply system and military industry, and building a lean and powerful revolutionary army. A three-tiered armed forces structure comprised the main field army, local forces, and militia and Red Guards was established. In the initial stages, a proactive and flexible defense strategy was employed to eliminate any reactionary enemy forces that intruded into the base areas.

The 3+1 members of the Military Commission also confirmed that the coalition government will respond positively to the peace calls initiated by the people. As for whether the Nanjing government is willing or not, that is their business. Anyway, the ball has been kicked.

“Soviet Consul Boris Berkovalskiy is visiting.

林和

The Soviet Union now only has a consulate in China, not an embassy.

The Soviet Union once had an embassy in Beijing, but it was confiscated by Zhang Zuolin in April this year. Since then, the relationship between the Soviet Union and the Beiyang government and the successor Nanjing government has deteriorated to a freezing point. Although there are still two consulates in Shanghai and Guangzhou that have not been confiscated, in fact, there is not even a relationship of agency.

Interestingly, during the more than half a month after the liberation of Guangzhou, the Soviets in the Guangzhou Consulate had very little contact with the central government, and even came less frequently than the British Consulate (the British consul came from Hong Kong).

"Hello, General Secretary Chen Duxiu.

Berkovalyski looked relieved: "Now it is certain that from now on it will be me who will deal with you, not Neumann.

Chen Duxiu: "Oh, Mr. Neumann, the representative of the Communist International, you don't have to stay in Guangzhou anymore, right?

"Yes. It will be recalled to Moscow.

Berkovalskii's visit was ordered by the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the USSR (Ministry of Foreign Affairs), which in turn was directly approved by Stalin.

In fact, Stalin had been keeping a close eye on the situation in China for some time, and he hadn't been so busy with domestic affairs in the Soviet Union that he neglected the Comintern for months. However, he didn't issue any directives, as he was also responsible for the current situation in China.

To be precise, it was the Communist International that made the resolution. They wanted to change it in April, but the turn was too big, and the Chinese party (international faction) overturned.

Stalin, knowing the truth, simply pretended not to have time to read the records of the Communist International's resolutions.

Then, things started to get more and more bizarre in China. First, Ye Ting led his troops on a solo expedition in April, then the Nanchang Uprising broke out. The rebels suddenly disappeared for nearly two months. Stalin once thought the rebels had been wiped out (according to reports from the Nanjing government). Then, in July, the rebels suddenly occupied a provincial capital.

Then, a month later, the provincial capital was taken back by Nanjing.

Half a month later, the rebels occupied Guangzhou, a larger and richer provincial capital.

Guangzhou Stalin knew that when the Soviet Union assisted the KMT and the Communist Party in their cooperation, the two parties used Guangzhou as their base.

Stalin summoned Foreign Minister Georgy Chicherin and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Communist International, Nikolai Bukharin.

Of the dozen or so communist parties in the Communist International, only the Soviet Communist Party had state power before this, and none of the other communist parties had a state, right?

Bukharin: “Yes. But, Comrade Chairman, the CCP only took possession of Guangdong Province, while China has 22 provinces.

"That was also a regime. We could say it was a local regime, but it was indeed a regime with an army, a government, a police force, and banks. The political parties under the Communist International did not have such a regime. Therefore, the Chinese Communist Party, which had a regime, was no longer suitable for the Communist International to continue to lead.

Stalin certainly knew that Chen Duxiu had long ago unilaterally stated that "the Communist International should not be my direct superior", but he and the Communist International had not responded in the past few months.

Bukharin: "Should we then expel the Chinese Communist Party from the Communist International? Or should we say that any Communist Party branch within the Communist International that gains state power should automatically withdraw?"

"No, no, no, it's just that within the Communist International, you need to create a new category for Communist parties like the CCP. Bukharin, you come up with a name. You can no longer issue orders to Communist parties in this category, and it's not appropriate to contact them anymore. You will be responsible for all liaison matters.

Stalin pointed his pipe at Chicherin.

Chicherin: "I understand completely, Comrade General Secretary. By the way, our relations with Nanjing are almost severed. Should we establish an embassy in Guangzhou and recognize the Guangzhou government as the only legitimate government in China?"

Stalin's eyes flashed, and then he looked at Chicherin again:

"The consulate in Shanghai will continue to operate unless the Chiang Kai-shek government in Nanjing voluntarily expels our consulate.

"We acknowledge the fact that there are two governments within China."

Chapter 132: Fortunately, we did not fail in China

Bukharin was greatly relieved by the CCP's establishment of a coalition government in Guangdong and Stalin's instructions after learning of this. The Communist International had avoided a crisis in which a fatal bug would have caused the entire system to collapse.