Rebirth: I am in Jin-Cha-Ji

East China, including Shandong, needs to develop small hydropower.

Shanghai and Jinhua, Zhejiang can provide you with a complete set of technical solutions. No matter what scale of small hydropower you need, they can quickly provide you with all the equipment and technical guidance.

This approach of integrating small hydropower supporting industries has reduced the investment cost of small hydropower by about 20% compared with the original cost.

Moreover, many towns and villages have no experience at all.

There is no need to solve technical problems by yourself. As long as you have enough funds, you can build small hydropower.

It can be said that Li Xuezhi has truly transformed small hydropower projects into an industry. Previously, local small hydropower projects were operated independently, often encountering numerous problems during construction. But now, such problems are completely eliminated.

With this foundation, the small hydropower development that Li Xuezhi will promote will no longer be small-scale. The Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power's next plan is to build small hydropower projects with an installed capacity of at least several hundred kilowatts.

The installed capacity of relatively large-scale small hydropower stations should reach

If small hydropower plants nationwide develop to this scale of installed capacity, their power generation capacity could increase tenfold.

Next is coal production.

In 1955, China's coal production had reached

3.13 million tons. By 1961, coal production officially exceeded 5 million tons, reaching 5.37 million tons.

The coal industry is the foundation of China's energy industry. Nothing is more important to the development of China's industry than coal.

Apart from anything else, it was the rapid growth of coal production that solved the household fuel problem in most Chinese cities. With coal in hand, cities no longer had to compete with rural areas for firewood.

Only when there is enough firewood in the countryside can people drink hot water. And only when there is an adequate supply of coal can thermal power plants, steelmaking, cement, glass and other industries develop without restraint.

It can be said that since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the coal industry has never failed. There has never been a case of national construction relying on coal, and coal production has always exceeded domestic demand.

So now China can still export coal to Japan to earn foreign exchange.

In 1961, the national crude oil production reached 2600 million tons.

Especially the Songliao Oilfield, since the great battle,

The crude oil production of Songliao Oilfield has increased by more than 300 million tons every year. So far, the crude oil production of Songliao Oilfield has reached 1700 million tons.

Furthermore, with the recent North China Oil Campaign, the Ministry of Petroleum has begun comprehensive construction of the Shengli Oilfield, which currently produces 170 million tons of crude oil. China's current situation is that refining capacity and domestic demand for oil are not keeping pace with the growth in crude oil production.

According to the current growth rate of my country's crude oil production,

It could grow by over 500 million tons annually. Domestic refining capacity is insufficient, and demand is also insufficient. Consequently, sometimes even oil fields have to slow production.

Therefore, the crude oil sold to Japan each year has exceeded

300 million tons, generating US$ million in foreign exchange for China every year.

China and Japan are close, so shipping costs for oil are much lower than importing it from other places. Therefore, Japan and China are negotiating whether to increase oil exports. Japan hopes that China will export 500 million tons of oil to them annually.

China does not oppose increasing oil exports, but it hopes to import complete sets of equipment for fertilizers and chemical fibers from Japan. Negotiations are currently underway on this matter.

In addition to these basic energy sources, in 1961 the country's annual cement production was 1800 million tons, machine tools were 6 units, power generation equipment was 280 million kilowatts, and timber was 4000 million cubic meters.

Finally, there is the production of cars and tractors.

In 1961, the national tractor production volume was 3 units.

Overall, it is still very small.

Currently, China's tractors are mainly produced by the Luoyang Tractor Factory. Because of the insufficient tractor production capacity, 30,000 to 40,000 tractors are imported every year.

In comparison, automobile production has increased significantly.

In 1961, the national automobile production was 12.7 units, of which FAW accounted for 7.6 units, Second Automobile Works and Third Automobile Works accounted for 4.2 units, and the rest were produced by some local automobile factories.

Most of the vehicles produced were trucks, with a small number of buses. The total number of sedans produced was only 3000. In heavy industry, the Second Five-Year Plan was highly accomplished. However, Chen Yun stated that there were still many problems to be solved in heavy industry development.

The relationship between the products of heavy industry in the Second Five-Year Plan and the needs of agriculture and light industry, as well as between these products,

Most are roughly balanced.

However, there are still more or less gaps in basic materials such as wood, cement, copper, and nickel, and there is a serious shortage of electricity and steel in the market. Adjustments are needed as soon as possible to achieve a balance between supply and demand.

After heavy industry comes the issue of national transportation.

In 1961, freight transport volume was approximately billion tons. Due to statistical difficulties, this data does not include freight transport between towns and villages. If this were included, the figure would increase by another billion tons. This is because the flourishing free market for agricultural and sideline products has led to a significant increase in freight transport between towns and villages.

Among them, the railway freight volume is 840 to 860 million tons.

Chen Yun summarized the current transportation situation in China.

It is believed that railway transportation is developing relatively rapidly, while road transportation and water transportation are developing slowly.

The slow development of water transportation is due to insufficient awareness of its importance and limited cooperation among regions.

The lack of development of road transport is due to the lack of transport tools. At present, the number of trucks in the country is about 110 million, of which 92 are cargo trucks. Chen Yun stated that in terms of the current domestic freight demand, the country needs

Around 300 million cargo trucks.

Therefore, the next plan is to increase the mileage and quality of domestic roads, and further improve the level of truck production in our country, so as to double the domestic road freight volume in a short period of time.

Therefore, China is currently planning to build the Fourth and Fifth Automobile Works to increase China's truck production.

Next, we have the question of education. After more than a decade of development, by 1961, all previously unfilled majors and disciplines in higher education institutions had been established, and the number of students enrolled in colleges and universities reached 70.

In 1961, the number of students in secondary specialized schools and vocational schools was 95.

Chen Yun stated that during the Second Five-Year Plan, a major conflict arose between industrial demand and the graduates of secondary specialized schools and vocational schools. The graduates of secondary specialized schools and vocational schools were unable to meet the needs of factories.

Therefore, the central government's next plan is to continue expanding the scale of secondary specialized schools and vocational schools, improving their teaching quality, and converting some junior high and high schools into secondary specialized schools and vocational schools. This is because factories need these vocational schools more, and their popularity with high school students is far less than that of vocational schools.

In 1961, the enrollment rate of school-age children remained at

84%. The enrollment rate of urban high school graduates is

79%, and the enrollment rate of rural high school graduates is 43%.

Chen Yun believes that China's education has made great achievements, but also has serious problems.

One is that the enrollment rate of school-age children has been at 82%.

to 85%, but it has not been able to continue to increase to allow the enrollment rate of school-age children to exceed 90%.

Another issue is the significant disparity between urban and rural areas in the rate of students graduating from primary school and continuing on to higher education. One key reason for this is that primary schools are universal in rural areas, but junior high schools are severely underdeveloped.

Therefore, the central government's next plan is to increase the number of rural middle schools. Regarding foreign trade, it is divided into trade with the socialist camp and trade with capitalist countries.

In 1961, the import and export trade volume between China and the socialist camp reached 164 billion RMB, which is about 100 billion rubles in rubles and about billion in US dollars.

$ 110 billion.

However, there is a large amount of processing trade here.

This type of trade significantly boosts trade volume, but the actual profits are very low. This type of import and export trade currently accounts for more than half of the total import and export volume between China and the socialist bloc. This processing trade primarily occurs with the Soviet Union.

However, even if processing trade accounts for more than half,

But the remaining import and export trade volume is also very impressive.

It can be said that China's 600 to 700 million people have truly played a significant role in the socialist camp, stabilizing prices and ensuring living standards in socialist countries.

Then there is the import and export volume through Hong Kong and Macao, which also exceeded US$100 billion, reaching an astonishing US$160 billion.

However, 60% of import and export trade here is processing trade with supplied materials, 30% is export products of Sino-foreign joint ventures, and only the remaining 10% is Chinese goods. Therefore, despite the huge trade volume, the profits are actually limited.

However, this trade structure has already had a significant impact on China's economy. Guangdong is the most affected province, paying staggering amounts of profits and taxes to the state each year.

Then Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Fujian, which are all around Guangdong, were affected. Most of the medium-sized enterprises that started as cooperative enterprises are from these provinces. In 1961, the national fiscal revenue reached 970 billion.

It is about to break through 1000 billion RMB. This is the state of China's finances under the state of high accumulation.

Most of the wealth created by the entire country and society goes into the treasury, and then the government decides how to allocate these funds.

China's fiscal revenue is currently second only to the United States and the Soviet Union. However, in terms of economic scale, China lags far behind them. This is because the US and Soviet financial systems are relatively mature, while China's is distorted, characterized by high accumulation and high investment.

Next is the situation of fiscal expenditure during the Second Five-Year Plan.

From 1957 to 1961,

Central and local governments' combined fiscal revenue was 3700 billion yuan, while fiscal expenditure was 4070 billion yuan, a discrepancy of 370 billion yuan. Commentators observed an annual fiscal deficit exceeding 50 billion yuan. This massive deficit was primarily due to high industrial investment during the Second Five-Year Plan, increased investment in the southwest due to the Indochina Peninsula strategy, and additional military spending resulting from the Sino-Indian War.

Of which the funds invested in capital construction

2720 million yuan.

Capital construction investment includes 180 billion yuan for agriculture, forestry and water conservancy, 1600 billion yuan for industrial investment, and billion yuan for transportation construction investment.

500 billion yuan, 240 billion yuan for defense industry, 80 billion yuan for culture, education and science, and billion yuan for urban construction and other investments.

80 billion yuan, with 40 billion yuan for flexible investment.

In addition to the capital construction investment, the fiscal expenditure also includes national defense expenditure (including general military expenditure and National Defense Science and Technology Commission expenditure) of 410 billion yuan; four expenses (technical organization measures expenses in state-owned industrial enterprises, new product trial production expenses,

Labor safety protection fees and miscellaneous fixed asset purchase expenses)

120 billion yuan; social, cultural, and educational expenses (capital construction investment, cultural and educational expenses are new investments, which are the annual expenditures for culture, education, and health) 350 billion yuan; economic construction expenses (exploration and design expenses, scientific research expenses, secondary vocational education expenses, technical school expenses, and cadre training expenses) 140 billion yuan; agricultural expenses and expenses related to agricultural construction 80 billion yuan;

Administrative expenses: 170 billion yuan; national reserves: 70 billion yuan;

Government bonds and loans amount to 10 billion yuan.

Overall, the Second Five-Year Plan achieved great results but also encountered many problems.

After Chen Yun talked about the data of the Second Five-Year Plan, Deng Xixian gave a report on the Third Five-Year Plan to the delegates.

1133

Deng Xixian's Third Five-Year Plan was more detailed than Chen Yun's Second Five-Year Plan report.

At the same time, the Third Five-Year Plan began to differ from the First and Second Five-Year Plans. The core of the First Five-Year Plan was Soviet aid projects, and most of China's industrial investment was centered around Soviet aid projects, laying the foundation for China's industry.

Although the core of the Second Five-Year Plan is also aid projects,

However, the central government also began to systematically develop its own industrial construction and technology. For example, after the Second Five-Year Plan, China had essentially mastered every aspect of the coal industry. Newly built coal mine equipment is now almost entirely domestically produced. By the Third Five-Year Plan, the proportion of imported machinery, equipment, and technology began to nearly equal that of domestically produced projects built through Chinese investment.

For example, during the First Five-Year Plan, 90% of the steel industry's investment was Soviet aid; even the screws needed by the steel mills were imported from the Soviet Union. By the Second Five-Year Plan, this proportion was around 70%, as the Second Five-Year Plan still required a large amount of Soviet machinery, equipment, and technology. However, by the Third Five-Year Plan, the proportion of imported projects in steel industry investment had dropped to less than 50%.

This situation is very obvious in the Third Five-Year Plan.

The Third Five-Year Plan included autonomous adjustments in most basic industries.

At the same time, the Third Five-Year Plan also detailed for the first time the measures for achieving common prosperity across the country.

During the Fourth Five-Year Plan, the government gradually increased investment in central and western provinces in various areas, including industry, transportation, and education. The central government also mandated that local governments coordinate their Third Five-Year Plans with the central government's Third Five-Year Plan. This meant that provincial investment should include consideration for underdeveloped regions. Industries tailored to local conditions should be developed to boost local economies.

At the same time, the Third Five-Year Plan focused on adding a section on trade.