1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 609: The temperature of the universe! Before the Big Bang! Space inflation! The origin of the multiverse! Shocking the audience!

In the conference room.

When Li Qiwei said, "The multiverse comes from the study of the Big Bang theory," everyone was shocked!

How can this be?

"Oh my god! I thought the multiverse was just a patch that Professor Bruce made for parallel universes."

"It is just a pure concept and conjecture without any practical connotation."

"I have also studied the Big Bang theory, but why don't I find any connection between the two?"

"This is incredible!"

"."

Everyone was talking about it.

Although the many-worlds interpretation and the concept of parallel universes are equally bizarre, they can at least explain many phenomena in quantum mechanics.

The big guys all treat parallel universes as science, rather than a sci-fi element for show.

There is an essential difference between the two.

But the multiverse is the opposite, with more science fiction elements than scientific elements.

That is the embodiment of Professor Bruce's ultimate imagination.

Although with an infinite multiverse system, probability problems can be explained.

However, the bigwigs present, with their rigorous attitude towards science, would not easily agree with this conjecture.

The multiverse and even the many-worlds interpretation are essentially scientific conjectures with a romantic touch!
But even guesses have their merits.

Those conjectures that only have a noun are definitely not as convincing as those derived based on the existing theoretical system.

Originally the multiverse was the former, but now Professor Bruce says it is the latter.

How could everyone not be surprised!

Schrödinger said blankly:

"Professor Bruce, there shouldn't be anything about the multiverse in the Big Bang theory, right?"

Li Qiwei smiled slightly and said:

"It didn't happen before, but now it does."

“This is also my latest research result.”

"I was originally planning to give a report at the Second International Astronomical Union Congress next year."

"Since we are talking about this topic right now, I will share it with you in advance."

Wow!
The whole audience was shocked!

Professor Bruce's knowledge is simply endless!
Although the research direction of the physics masters present is pure physics, they also have a certain understanding of astronomy.

They may not be experts, but their basic astronomical knowledge is certainly far beyond that of ordinary people.

Big Bang, Galaxy Movement, Stellar Evolution, Neutron Stars
Astronomy today is no longer what it used to be. It is no longer possible to conquer the world with just a telescope. It also requires sophisticated theoretical analysis.

The Big Bang Theory, as a theory that studies the ultimate proposition of the origin of the universe, is naturally the core of the core.

Any breakthrough is not just a matter of astronomy, but a major event for the entire scientific community.

Under the fiery gazes of the crowd, Li Qiwei said:
"A few months ago, Yu Qingsong, a young astronomer from China, sent me a set of observation data."

"In that document, he mentioned a very interesting phenomenon."

"Yu Qingsong discovered through observation and measurement that the temperature seen in all directions of the sky is the same."

“The reason he [saw] the temperature was because he calculated the temperature by measuring the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in the universe.”

"Based on this phenomenon, he made a bold guess!"

"Yu Qingsong believes that the temperature distribution of the entire universe is uniform on a macroscopic scale."

Wow!
Everyone was surprised!

Many bigwigs present did not know Yu Qingsong.

After all, Yu Qingsong is still in the doctoral stage and is a young man in the field of astronomy.

Unlike Hubble, he had long since left the small circle of astronomy and became famous throughout the scientific community.

However, the conjecture proposed by Yu Qingsong is puzzling.

So someone asked:
"Professor Bruce, isn't it normal for the universe's temperature to be average?"

“Why is this an interesting question?”

Li Qiwei shook his head and said:
"No!"

"unusual!"

"You should know that current evidence suggests that the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light."

"If the Big Bang theory is correct, then there is a [horizon problem]."

“That is, the light from some celestial bodies will never be received by humans.”

“Thus came the concept of the observable universe.”

"The two ends of the universe are billions of light years apart. It is impossible for any information or energy to be transferred between them."

“It’s impossible now and it won’t be possible in the future.”

"Here comes the problem."

"Since there is no energy or information transfer between two places that are far apart, there will naturally be no heat transfer."

"So why are the temperatures in these two places the same?"

"In other words, if the Big Bang theory is correct, then the temperature should not be uniform across the universe because of the expansion time."

"The temperature is lower in the outer layers and higher in the inner layers."

“This should be easy to understand.”

“But the reality is that the temperature is uniform.”

"Although Yu Qingsong's observation data is still relatively small, I believe this is the fact."

Wow!
Everyone was shocked!

The big guys understood immediately and instantly comprehended the questions raised by Yu Qingsong.

"It's true that heroes emerge young. Ever since Professor Bruce entered the field of astronomy, many talented people have emerged."

"Now someone has found a flaw in the Big Bang theory."

"This Yu Qingsong will definitely become a big shot in the field of astronomy in the future."

Wu Youxun's expression was moved.

He has a good relationship with Yu Qingsong and they often communicate and learn from each other.

He knew that the other party had always been interested in the Big Bang theory, and the two had discussed it several times.

I just didn’t expect that Yu Qingsong had already done such in-depth research.

Through the study of the temperature of the universe, we can think of the issue of the expansion of the universe. This idea is simply brilliant!
Wu Youxun smiled and said to Yin:
"Qingsong is a talent hand-picked by Professor Li. With a few more years of experience, he will be the leader of domestic astronomy."

Yu Yin nodded, he also became interested in this young man.

At this moment, the bigwigs present were more interested in the problem itself.

How does this question relate to the multiverse?
Ridgeway continued:
"Yu Qingsong asked me about this issue in his letter."

"Although the young man used humble words, it was clear that he believed the Big Bang theory was flawed."

"After carefully reviewing his research materials, I agree with his opinion."

"However, I did not deny my Big Bang theory, but supplemented and revised it."

"I think the Big Bang may not be the true origin of the universe."

“Before the Big Bang, there must have been a special stage.”

"For this reason, I proposed a model, and I called this stage the [inflation period]."

Wow!
Everyone was shocked when they heard this!
The Big Bang theory was derived from the general theory of relativity.

When Professor Bruce first proposed the theory, it was just a framework concept without any actual content.

However, as research continues to deepen, the Big Bang theory has been continuously improved and can even explain many astronomical and cosmic phenomena.

In the current astronomical community, the Big Bang Theory is recognized as the best theory about the origin of the universe.

And now, Professor Bruce has added a new theory on the basis of the original one: the inflation model.

This made everyone wonder:
"Oh, God!"

"Why do I feel that the Big Bang Theory is probably the correct theory?" "If that's true, then Professor Bruce is worthy of being called a god!"

"He created the universe using physics!"

This is an achievement even greater than quantum mechanics!

Amid the exclamations of the crowd, Li Qiwei continued:

"According to the inflation model, space inflated within a very short period of time after the explosion, about 10^-36 seconds to 10^-32 seconds."

“宇宙尺寸在这几乎一刹那的时间里，从10^-45米瞬间膨胀到10^5米，半径增大了10^50倍。”

"What is the concept?"

"It's roughly equivalent to turning an atom into the size of 10^20 galaxies."

"This is an extremely terrifying expansion phenomenon, so I named it [inflation]."

"Of course, inflation is just a very fast rate of expansion; space itself is still very small."

"So how can we use this model to explain the problem of thermal balance in the universe?"

"It's very simple."

"The universe started out much smaller than the event horizon. There were no particles in space, only a mass of energy and information."

“Then the surge began.”

"This stage allows the universe to reach thermal equilibrium first, and then undergo a true Big Bang expansion to reach the scale of the current universe."

"Although the expansion speed of space during the Big Bang was much slower than that during the inflation period, it was still much faster than the speed of light, so space expanded extremely fast."

"When a space with the same temperature is stretched to a long distance, the temperature will naturally remain the same."

"This would explain the problem of thermal equilibrium in the universe."

hiss!
Everyone was shocked!

The process of skyrocketing is beyond the limits of human imagination.

It is impossible to understand the concept of expanding the size 10^50 times in an instant.

No laws of physics apply.

However, the principle of inflation theory is simple.

It means that the universe is kept in thermal equilibrium first, and then the space begins to expand, and the temperature naturally becomes uniform.

The logic is very clear.

For a time, everyone was talking about it.

"The Big Bang is a linear expansion, while inflation is an exponential expansion, so they are two different periods."

"First there was inflation, then there was the Big Bang!"

"Wonderful, so wonderful!"

"The inflation model proposed by Professor Bruce is simply amazing!"

"I just don't know how he calculated those specific numbers."

"Time and length are already far smaller than the limits of the Bruce scale."

The miracle of the sudden increase deeply shocked everyone.

However, it’s not over yet!

Li Qiwei glanced around and finally said:
"Inflation is a very special process that cannot be calculated using classical concepts."

“The potential energy of the space created by inflation will not decrease, and may even be higher.”

“These created spaces will cause new surges in local areas, creating new spaces, which will then surge again.”

“As shown in the picture.”

"The crossed squares indicate the end of inflation and the beginning of the Big Bang, the generation of various substances, and the birth of the universe."

“The unchecked squares indicate continued surges and the creation of more independent space.”

"Some of these spaces continued to expand, while others underwent a massive explosion."

"The cycle goes on and on, endlessly."

"Even if our universe started from a very small area and expanded rapidly, it could create countless independent spaces."

"These independent spaces all have the opportunity to evolve into independent universes."

“It’s like playing the bubble game.”

"As long as bubble water exists, you can always blow all kinds of bubbles."

“Each bubble is a separate universe.”

"That's where the multiverse comes from."

"It's a corollary of the inflation theory."

quiet!
Deathly silence!

Everyone was stunned with shock, the whole audience was shaking!
The multiverse was actually derived from the inflation model.

How incredible this is!

Compared with the multiverse, the inflation model is obviously more convincing.

After all, it could explain the universe's uniform temperature.

And it is also part of the Big Bang theory.

"My God!"

"In other words, Professor Bruce indirectly proved the theory of the multiverse?"

"This is simply like a fairy tale!"

"Such an incredible and terrifying conjecture actually has a theoretical basis?"

"Professor Bruce's strength is so terrifying!"

Everyone was deeply shocked!

They could already imagine what a sensation the concepts of inflation and the multiverse would cause when they reached the astronomical community.

Countless astronomers will go crazy about it!
Do not!
The physics community will also experience an 18-magnitude earthquake.

Because these are all related to quantum mechanics.

Someone quipped and sighed:
"A cat caused a cosmic upheaval!"

At this time, Bohr suddenly asked:
"Professor, according to the inflationary multiverse model, isn't there a mother universe outside of the countless universes?"

Li Qiwei said:
"That's right, because inflation comes from the primordial explosion of the singularity."

"There is only one singularity, so the space produced by inflation is all within the range contained by the singularity."

“Unless there are many singularities, many mother universes can be born.”

"But that would be meaningless."

Everyone nodded.

Professor Bruce proposed the concept of the multiverse in order to solve practical problems.

However, assuming that there are multiple singularities does not solve any problem.

So there is absolutely no need to make such an assumption.

"All multiverses are within a larger mother universe."

"Outside our original universe, there is still space that is expanding rapidly and new universes are constantly being born."

"Parallel universes are theoretically inaccessible, but there is no such restriction between the multiverses."

"If we can really break free from the constraints of the speed of light, we may be able to enter another original universe."

"Of course, that falls into the realm of science fiction."

Everyone was completely stunned.

This huge worldview is simply impossible to understand and has exceeded the limits of imagination.

But after Professor Bruce's analysis, it seems so real and logically consistent.

The multiverse is not a conjecture, but an inference from the Big Bang theory.

The Big Bang theory is a corollary of the general theory of relativity.

The multiverse can also explain the probability problems of quantum mechanics.

At this moment, relativity, quantum mechanics, the Big Bang, and the multiverse form a closed loop.

Professor Bruce, so scary!
(End of this chapter)