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When watching Schopenhauer, do not talk about Schopenhauer's thoughts or other talents. Schopenhauer himself, he is actually a very interesting person.

Schopenhauer is different from many philosophers. He was born in a very wealthy family. He has no way to achieve things from a young age or even many people. However, it is such a rich family.

The philosophical system of tragedy.

Schopenhauer created the precedent of modern western philosophy with his will of wiraphic philosophy, and its theoretical goals and central links are its pessimistic LUN science, that is, the theory about generating the pain of will. Schopenhauer claims that his philosophy is Kant.

Starting from philosophy, he proposed his famous proposition "the world is my appearance". It is believed that this is a truth, an effective truth for any creature that lives and knows.

There is abstract consciousness. And, if people really do this, then he has philosophical thinking.

Starting from the subject, Schopenhauer got the conclusion of "the world is my appearance", and he also believed that the fundamental purpose and real significance of philosophical research lies in understanding "things of freedom."

"It must be further deep to the subjective world field. From the world of cousin outside, the world of cousin cannot get any answers." Here we have seen that the will from the outside is everywhere.

Animals, plants also have will, and even inorganic objects have will. Although all things in the world are different in phenomena, the same thing is the same thing in its inner essence.

The division of them forms different levels, and the will of human beings is the most complete, most developed, and most vivid. The will itself is free. There is no law.

The most wooden feature is no purpose, there is no end, it is an endless pursuit.

After Schopenhauer's will, after obtaining the desire, he thinks that desire is painful. As the essence of the world is a kind of "unstoppable blind impulse", a purposeless, endless and unsatisfactory*

*, So all life is essentially painful. Because **, the impulse is endless, but its satisfaction is always temporary, limited. ** is not satisfied, it is pain; and a kind of **

With satisfaction, the new ** will follow, and it will never be satisfied, and it is painful; even if ** is fully satisfied, what is brought about is the terrible emptiness and boring

On the one hand, the more complete the will, the more significant the pain is. The plants are not painful. The lowest pain of the minimum animals is very weak. Due to the comprehensive nervous system, the pain is high.

Yu Feng. For people, the more developed intelligence, the deeper the pain, so the genius is the most painful. "So any life is completely disappearing between desire and reaching desires."

It is to swing back and forth between pain and boring. In Schopenhauer's view, life is actually a tragedy. It is only in detail that there is a comedy surname.

Therefore, life is swinging back and forth like a pendulum between pain and boring. In fact, pain and boring are the two final components of life. Life is the tragic misery that is lacking in pain in the state of pain.

exist.

Schopenhauer fundamentally speaking, he is a personal philosopher. He starts from the philosophy of life and pessimism of the only theory and pessimism, and tells the tragedy surname of life, absurdity, hypocrisy and misfortune. Although this subjective experience is from the philosopher himself.

It is an individual surname, with very obvious surnames, but in fact, it is their own unique understanding and feelings of society and their own experience. Schopenhauer's pessimistic conclusions that Schopenhauer will be born into a pessimistic consequences is that

His consequences of the utilitarian values ​​of capitalism at that time to society, and the unique feelings and profound experiences of his unfortunate experience and deep experience of his lack of love and love for life.

His most respectful father committed suicide when he was a child, and his relationship with his mother and his family was not good. He was lonely from a young age, arrogant. It is difficult to get along with others.

Therefore, it is difficult to get the optimistic conclusion of the happiness and happiness of life. Schopenhauer has great confidence and hope for himself. He claims to be a genius and will build a great cause.

The ground crushed his expectations and dreams, and although he was extremely arrogant about his doctrine and thoughts, his work was inferior to the cold encounter of the publisher. Later, even after publishing, he had been traveled to the reader's neglect for many years. This series of

Unfortunately, he met Schopenhauer's heart and suffered a huge pain. He suffered in pain. Therefore, he had a deep understanding and experience in pain.

The era of Schopenhauer's life is the era of capitalist systems in Western European countries, and the rapid development of capitalism. It is compatible with this, and the utilitarian values ​​of capitalism have gradually been established and prevailing.

Starting from self, self -centered, personal interests first. In order to chase the personal interests, people have continued to compete and fight with each other.

Therefore, the deadly fighting between individuals premise of self -benefitism will also inevitably show the most terrible form. Everyone not only wants to take their own things from others, but also to increase their happiness.

All the happiness or the entire life of others is at the cost of all people. Schopenhauer realizes that all the capitalist society starts from self -centered, chasing personal interests, and chasing personal interests.

As a result, the tragic surname of life is deeply excavated. This negative, pessimistic understanding and feelings are combined with him from self -starting from himself, from the will of himself, and you will inevitably reach the conclusion of pessimism in life.

Schopenhauer believes that through philosophical contemplation, artistic aesthetic activities and moral cultivation paths can make people temporarily liberate. Because of philosophy contemplation, artistic aesthetic activities and moral cultivation can make people forget the material interests, improve people's people’s

The spiritual realm is relieved from the slavery of **, and the pure thinking of the surname of things to get rid of the pain. But if you want to get permanent liberation, you can only achieve it through the "negation of will". Because "the affirmation of the will"

It is the root cause of all pain, the foundation of pessimism, so completely negating the will is the fundamental way to get rid of the pain. The so -called denial of will is to suppress all instincts, wear all inspiration, cancel all desires, paralyze all feelings, so that emotions are absolutely peaceful

In the end, it reached a state of "no desire".

Schopenhauer believes that after the silence of will, all the pain caused by the impulse of will, the hope of fear and excitement never gives up the silence.

The mood is peaceful, the ancient well has no waves, and the deep tranquility and the unshakable self -proclaimed and Yueyue. Schopenhauka refers to the realm of people who have completely denied their will.

Decision, cancellation, the appearance world of aspirational and passengerization has also been canceled, so the rest is only or not. From the only will to pessimism to pessimism, and from pessimism to nihilism, this is the home of the philosophy of Shimoto Huaman.

Schopenhauer starts from the basic proposition of life is the basic proposition of suffering. It is believed that the wisdom of life is to realize that the surname is sinister. Life is originally a tragedy. Everything in the world includes the fame and fortune of people's diligently, power status, etc.

It is nothing but the eye -catching and fleeting things. The so -called happiness is just free of pain, and there is no choice but to enjoy it. Therefore, in his opinion, people should ban all **, abandon all secular interests and requirements, remove everything to remove everything

The ideal and purpose of real life and reality, abandon all the concepts of surnames and science, and all the moral norms based on the surname and enter the unique realm. In this way, people can go out of the phenomenon world and enter as a comfortable thing.

In the world of will, talents have their own freedom.

Although Schopenhauer is a thorough tragic philosopher, many of his thoughts have made significant contributions in the development history of Western philosophy and established his important position in the history of philosophy.

He is not happy at all. The pain and tragic experience in his personal life have laid an important foundation for his philosophical thoughts.

The destination of the philosophy of will may be his own last life destination.

In a sense, life is full of suffering. It is not that everyone has a beautiful family. There are many wealth, and the knowledge of learning to rich five cars.

, More beautiful things. People without these things have to work hard to find these things. In the process of finding and realizing our dreams, life is full of suffering. When we have experienced our own efforts, we have experienced it.

After the ups and downs of life, we will understand everything that is hard to come. We will always encourage ourselves to be contentment. When we get enough things, cherish what we have, and do not go too much pursuit.

Those things we can't get, learn to satisfy our real life. From the perspective of people's survival perspective, Schopenhauer's philosophy is also observing.

Get some kind of happiness. It is precisely because of many people's endless ** that they have sent their own happiness.