Rebirth: I am in Jin-Cha-Ji

During the Northern Expedition, the peasant movement in the two lakes region was in full swing, and the number of farmers participating in the farmers' associations was calculated in the millions.

This was the case in Kerala. The landlords there wanted to eliminate the Communist Party of India (CPI), which had a stronghold there, so the two sides engaged in a fierce battle. Within twenty days, the number of casualties on both sides quickly exceeded 4000.

Then there's West Bengal. The situation here is similar to that in Kerala. The more the fighting continues, the deeper the hatred grows, and the death toll rises rapidly.

West Bengal's economy has historically been plagued by problems. In its early years, West Bengal enjoyed the strongest economic development in India. However, after independence and partition, its economy plummeted. Once a vibrant industrial region, it was artificially divided into East Pakistan and West Bengal, ultimately becoming India's poorest region. Later, when the Communist Party of India came to power and implemented land reforms, agriculture boomed, outperforming rural development across India. Food production grew at a rate more than double the Indian average.

Later, the right-wing Congress Party came to power and began implementing economic reforms, actively accepting foreign investment. Many people were optimistic about West Bengal because of its political stability, good agricultural development, and a strong industrial base.

But after arriving here, I found that everything was very difficult, and many investors quickly withdrew from West Bengal because the land here was too fragmented. After the Communist Party of India carried out land reform here, piece by piece of land became the private property of farmers.

As a result, no matter what kind of construction project it was, it could not be pushed forward. Even the infrastructure in West Bengal was facing serious problems due to this reason.

Land reform in West Bengal only achieved the redistribution of land, allowing farmers to own it. Consequently, the land in West Bengal was too fragmented and ownership too dispersed to achieve anything. Consequently, West Bengal gradually became a poor region in India.

However, bloody clashes are taking place every day in West Bengal. The CPI organization in West Bengal is very strong and is not afraid of armed conflict at all.

Of course, the most serious area at present is Punjab.

This is the area in India where religious conflicts are most serious.

After the withdrawal of the Indian Army, the Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims here fought each other. Islam received support from Pakistan, and the Sikhs occupied this place.

More than 80% of the population are powerful themselves and they hunt down Hindus.

The sectarian conflict here is the bloodiest. No matter men, women, young or old, for some extreme believers,

Anyone who does not believe in one's religion is an enemy.

The Akali Party, composed of Sikhs, has always wanted to establish an autonomous government with Sikhs as the main language and speaking Punjabi, also known as Sikh. However, because the Indian central government has never agreed, the two sides have been fighting for a long time. The Sikhs are a nation that is good at fighting.

Among the British Indian troops at that time, the troops formed by the Sikhs had the strongest combat effectiveness.

But after the Indian Army withdrew south, the Akali Party suddenly felt that this was a good opportunity, so it gave up its original demand for the establishment of an autonomous government and instead openly proposed the establishment of a Punjab state.

The advantages of the Sikhs are that they are rich, united,

Therefore, the Akali Party quickly formed a team in the Punjab region and made real efforts for independence.

On the contrary, the bustling northeastern India is really a mess.

Northeastern India, isolated from India and lacking any connection to the country, is a highly xenophobic region. Its economic situation is also very poor. Furthermore, the region is a complex community of tribes, lacking a unified ethnic group or truly large tribe.

At most, different tribes formed "ethnic groups," which, as a whole, were exclusive. However, these "ethnic groups" were not so united; on the contrary, they were very fragmented, with no tribe submitting to the others.

People like Telugu and Tamil have a unified national consciousness, and the Sikh minority and Muslims have a religious identity, but the Northeast lacks this kind of unity.

As a result, some powerful groups and tribes of all sizes in the northeast discussed for many days but could not come up with a unified plan.

They are xenophobic, they don't trust Hindustani people,

So they wanted to secede from India. But after seceding from India, how could they become independent? How could they set up a government after independence?

There is absolutely no unified plan.

It can be said that except for the consensus on independence, the rest of the Northeast has its own opinions and no one knows what to do.

In the end, because no one could convince the others, and the distribution of benefits became problematic, the final solution was to establish an Assamese state, but not a centralized one. Each tribe and each powerful faction would be responsible for its own responsibilities.

It can be said that northeastern India is still a mess.

They said they wanted to establish an independent country, but in fact they wanted to establish a tribal alliance independent of India.

However, the conditions in the northeast are currently the best, as the Chinese army is currently in southern Tibet and the Indian defense forces dare not come here at all.

So, even though these people in the Northeast don't have much strength and can't do anything, their voices are louder than each other.

Of course, the Congress Party is anxious now, not only because of the rise of various independent forces, autonomous forces, and the Communist Party of India, the opposition to the Congress Party. There is also a bigger reason that the Congress Party is facing a split.

After those ethnic radical forces and religious radical forces frantically attacked Hinduism and Hindustani people, the radical forces of Hinduism and Hindustani people certainly could not tolerate it.

In the past, thanks to Nehru, radical Hindu and Hindustani forces, as well as radical forces within the Congress Party, were suppressed. But now, no one can suppress them. As a result, the Congress Party is now divided between left-wing forces, right-wing forces, centrists, and extreme radicals, and internal strife has begun.

Extreme radicals demanded that the Congress Party exact bloody revenge against those who opposed it. However, the left and the center still believed that the Party should follow Nehru's path, reconcile domestic conflicts, and stabilize India. The right, on the other hand, advocated for a complete liberalization of the economy and free development.

Without Nehru, the Congress Party is in danger of splitting.

Shastri was in a hurry and had neither the time nor the energy to bargain with China. So in Moscow, Shastri was very straightforward and made almost all the concessions he could.

On October 1961, 10, Prime Minister Shastri and Indian Prime Minister formally signed the Sino-Indian Boundary Treaty in Moscow.

I had to go on a business trip suddenly in the morning and didn't get home until around six in the evening.

1128 Storm

After mediating the war between China and India, Khrushchev was still not satisfied.

After Stalin's death, Khrushchev first dealt with political enemies such as Beria, and then denied Stalin at the 1959th Congress of the CPSU, causing chaos. In the early days of Khrushchev's rule, just solving these problems had already made Khrushchev dizzy. Until the st Congress of the CPSU in ,

Khrushchev was the one who truly held power.

Then Khrushchev began to implement comprehensive reforms,

By 1961, good news was coming from all fronts.

1961 was definitely the peak of Khrushchev's rule.

The war in Indochina, orchestrated and promoted by Khrushchev, caught the United States off guard. Although the United States stabilized the situation in Vietnam, it only managed to stabilize the initial defeat and failed to turn the tide, and the United States suffered heavy casualties.

Khrushchev's Indochina strategy did not meet his expectations, but overall it was very successful.

The United States had originally been very tough on the Berlin issue, but after the outbreak of the Sino-Indian War, Kennedy had no choice but to give in on the Berlin issue in exchange for the Soviet Union's intervention.

Therefore, the United States was forced to abandon its original plan to arm West Germany.

Then there is the Middle East.

The Soviet-led Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) grew increasingly influential due to their control of oil. This coincided with the rapid economic growth in Europe during the 1950s and 1960s, which led to a surge in demand for oil. This led to OPEC's growing influence.

Everyone joined forces to grab a lot of profits from the European and American oil conglomerates. In the past, the distribution of oil in the Middle East was 28, 37, or 55, but since the Soviet Union's strong intervention in the Middle East, it is now generally 73.

82%. It can be said that the profits shared by the oil-producing countries in the Middle East have soared, and they have begun to accumulate large sums of money.

What do the oil princes of the Middle East do when they have money? Besides enjoying life, they also buy weapons and develop national defense.

Prepare for another fight with Israel.

Ever since Israel was founded, the Arab nations of the Middle East have been resentful. They've been repeatedly bullied by Israel, primarily because so many countries and individuals are unable to defeat it. Especially after Egypt, the leader in the fight against Israel, was severely beaten by Israel in the Battle of the Suez Canal, the Middle Eastern nations have been eager to strike back.

Their economic status was also average before, so there wasn't much they could do. But now it's different, they have made a lot of money in the past few years.

As a result, these Middle Eastern countries flaunted their wealth, purchasing numerous aircraft, tanks, and artillery from the Soviet Union. Furthermore, having been bullied by Israeli aircraft, they also purchased numerous Soviet surface-to-air missiles. The lavish spending of these oil-rich Middle Eastern nations led to a rapid surge in Soviet arms exports.

This greatly increased Khrushchev's prestige in the eyes of the bigwigs of the Soviet military-industrial complex.

Of course, what made the Soviet Union even more satisfied was that a country emerged in America's backyard that was diametrically opposed to the United States.

The Cuban Revolution was not a socialist revolution. Castro was unaware of Marxism-Leninism when he started the revolution, and it had no connection with the Soviet Union. Cuba has always been a pro-American regime, and Castro himself was no exception.

So, after establishing his regime, Castro's first move was to pay his respects to the United States. This wasn't because Castro was pro-American, but rather because Cuba's location dictated that it could only be friendly with the United States. However, Castro eagerly went to pay his respects, only to be snubbed by the United States. While Castro didn't understand socialism or Marxism-Leninism, his revolution was driven by the poor living conditions of the Cuban people.

Therefore, his thoughts and policies lean to the left.

Against the backdrop of the US-Soviet Cold War, if your ideas and policies were "leftist", the US would think you were going to follow the Soviet path.

The closest distance between Cuba and the United States is less than 70 kilometers. How could the United States allow a pro-Soviet regime to emerge on its own territory?

So the US and Cuba clashed, and the US even supported Cuban rebels. Castro knew from the US's attitude that the US was determined to oust him, and of course he couldn't accept that.

But Cuba is a small country, and lacks the strength to confront the United States. So, it could only seek a new big brother who could protect Cuba: the Soviet Union. Just this year, Castro publicly announced that it was the United States that forced Cuba to adopt the socialist path.

Cuba, America's backyard and the traditionally pro-American country, suddenly chose the Soviet Union and joined the socialist camp. This was a godsend for Khrushchev.

So Khrushchev immediately gave Castro a guarantee.

As long as Castro is willing to lead Cuba down the socialist path, the Soviet Union will take care of everything in Cuba.

Khrushchev and the Soviet Union were so arrogant that they could afford to support a small country like Cuba.

Before the Soviet Union's economic problems, Cuba's living standards were very good, among the best in the socialist camp. The Soviet Union provided Cuba with whatever it needed.

1961 was undoubtedly Khrushchev's most glorious year. He attacked from all sides, achieving remarkable results. Not only was Khrushchev now enjoying immense international acclaim, having repeatedly thwarted Kennedy, but he was also beginning to shake off the negative impact of the "Secret Report" domestically, and his position within the Party was becoming increasingly solid.

But Khrushchev watched his younger brother China

In 1961, he was doing very well and he couldn't sit still anymore.

Apart from the Sino-Indian War, the Lao People's Army and the Myanmar People's Army supported by China have developed very well.

The territory under their control was steadily increasing, which put some pressure on Khrushchev.

A younger brother who is too weak to help his elder brother is not liked by his elder brother. However, a younger brother who is too strong puts too much pressure on his elder brother, which is also a headache. As the elder brother, Khrushchev cannot fall behind his younger brothers.

Khrushchev was a man of action, so he immediately discussed the matter with the Vietnamese Workers' Party.

Khrushchev meant that the Vietnamese People's Army had trained a new batch of troops during this period, and the guerrilla forces in the south were beginning to recover. Those previously dispersed troops took root in southern Vietnam and became increasingly adapted to local conditions over the past few months.

The rural areas of southern Vietnam strongly supported the Vietnam People's Army in its guerrilla warfare and actively joined the army. So even though the Vietnam People's Army was disbanded a few months ago, it is now recovering very quickly.

Therefore, Khrushchev believed that the Vietnamese People's Army should launch several major campaigns to severely strike at US imperialism, which was intervening in Vietnam's war of reunification. US imperialism could not afford too many casualties, so as long as heavy casualties were inflicted on the US imperialist army, they would have no choice but to withdraw from Vietnam.

Since the leader of the list has spoken, the Vietnamese Workers' Party certainly takes it very seriously. After the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Workers' Party held a meeting, it believed that Khrushchev's proposal was "correct".

It is in line with the current situation in Vietnam, so we decided to launch a major campaign.

With the help of Soviet military advisors, the Commander-in-Chief of the Vietnam People's Army, Vo Nguyen Giap, quickly reorganized his troops. This time, the Vietnam People's Army prepared to mobilize nearly 20 troops to launch an all-out attack on cities and military bases controlled by the US military.

The Vietnamese Workers' Party believed that this battle would be a turning point in the victory of the Vietnam War of Unification and would annihilate a large number of US troops and their lackeys. Therefore, they named this battle the "Victory Offensive."

Khrushchev was very satisfied with the attitude of the Vietnamese Workers' Party. However, looking at the Vietnam People's Army alone, it was still very insufficient in many aspects.

Therefore, Khrushchev asked China to send 15 to 20 anti-aircraft artillery regiments to take over the air defense of North Vietnamese cities and transportation lines. In this way, the Vietnamese People's Army's air defense forces could be fully deployed to the front line without any burden.

At the same time, it requested China to send at least 50,000 engineering troops to help Vietnam repair the cities and transportation lines that were bombed by the US military during this period.

In addition to requesting China to send 10 troops into Vietnam, Vietnam also requested a lot of supplies, including 10 bicycles alone.

The bombing by the US military was so severe that the Vietnamese Workers' Party formed a bicycle transport team.

The Vietnamese People's Army suddenly launched a large-scale campaign of 20 troops, which of course the Chinese side also took very seriously. Therefore, Wei Hongjun convened a meeting of the Military Commission to discuss the direction of the war in Vietnam in 1962 and even in Indochina.

"We are not optimistic about the 'victory offensive' planned by the Soviet Union and the Vietnamese Workers' Party."

As the head of the Indochina Peninsula Research Group, Xu Xiangqian

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