Rebirth: I am in Jin-Cha-Ji

Troops, including those dispatched from the US mainland, have also arrived in Asia.

After the US military assembled, it still mainly used its air force advantage to attack the Vietnamese People's Army.

On April 1961, 4, the US military suddenly concentrated more than 19 army troops, plus 6000 Thai troops, and attacked Cambodia from Thailand. The Cambodian army was no match for the US and Thai armies and was defeated.

The reason why the US military dealt with Cambodia first was to open up the land route between Thailand and Vietnam. It was also to cut off Vietnam's helpers.

Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, once part of French Indochina, fought together in the war against France. It's a friendship forged in blood.

Although Vietnam wanted to establish a unified Indochina Federation at the Geneva Conference, Cambodia and Laos both wanted

Independence led to conflicts among the three countries. However, these conflicts did not affect the traditional friendship between the three countries. Therefore, after the outbreak of the Vietnam War of Unification, the Cambodian government still actively supported the Vietnamese People's Army.

Cambodia helped the Vietnamese People's Army with its logistical supplies and wounded soldiers. Even the Vietnamese People's Army headquarters, including leaders of the Southern Bureau of the Workers' Party of Vietnam, were directing the war along the Vietnam-Cambodia border.

The United States certainly couldn't allow Cambodia to assist the Vietnamese Workers' Party in this way. While not a large country, Cambodia was a nation of nearly 600 million people. If left unchecked, it would become a major rear base for the Vietnamese People's Army, potentially even capable of forming tens of thousands of troops to fight the US military.

When the Vietnamese People's Army saw the US and Thai troops attacking Cambodia, it immediately sent two divisions of troops into Cambodia to help Cambodia resist the US invasion.

However, most of Cambodia is plains, and the US military quickly entered Cambodia's major cities, targeting the Cambodian capital Phnom Penh. Seeing that it could not withstand the US offensive, the Cambodian government immediately abandoned Phnom Penh and fled to the mountains.

Many Cambodian leaders are very familiar with this situation. They led their troops in the war against the French in this way.

After the Vietnamese and Cambodian armies met, they chose not to confront the US in the plains, but to hide in the mountains and attack the logistics of the US and Thai armies, mainly attacking the roads between Thailand and Cambodia.

After the US military discovered the intentions of the Vietnamese People's Army, it transferred more than 4000 troops from Thailand to specifically attack the Vietnamese People's Army and Cambodian troops.

Moreover, the United States began to win over some powerful figures in Cambodia and prepared to support them in forming a new Cambodian government.

Help the new Cambodian government build its army.

In addition to the invasion of Cambodia, on April 1961, 4, the US military launched a counterattack in the Saigon area with a force of 26 troops. This force comprised 11.3 US troops, 4.1 South Vietnamese troops, and other forces from Australia, New Zealand, Thailand, the Philippines, and Taiwan. Australia sent 4.7 troops, Thailand had 6000 troops in Saigon, and the Philippines also sent approximately 7000 troops.

The US military concentrated these forces in the largest offensive since the outbreak of the Vietnam War, attacking the area northwest of Saigon. Northwest of Saigon, along the Vietnam-Cambodia border, was exactly where the Vietnam People's Army Command and the Southern Bureau of the Workers' Party of Vietnam were located.

The battle was extremely fierce. The US military assembled so many ground troops and more than 1100 aircraft to participate in the battle, preparing to wipe out the Vietnamese People's Army around Saigon in one fell swoop.

The U.S. military fought several head-on battles with the previously unstoppable Vietnamese People's Army, and the Vietnamese People's Army suffered heavy casualties.

In particular, the US military's air superiority was very difficult for the Vietnamese People's Army to adapt to. As both sides deployed more than 20 troops in a melee, the role of air superiority became increasingly important.

Furthermore, although the Vietnamese People's Army was equipped with Soviet-style equipment and trained by Soviet military advisors, it lacked experience in real large-scale combat, and coordination between the various units was severely problematic.

As a result, after several major battles, the casualties of the Vietnamese People's Army increased rapidly. In one month, the casualties exceeded 40,000, which severely damaged the entire Vietnamese People's Army.

However, the large-scale military operations failed miserably, but after the troops were dispersed, they began to fight more effectively. These troops were dispersed and became guerrilla forces one after another.

team.

Under the command of the Southern Bureau of the Vietnamese Workers' Party, they used their rural bases to engage in a war with the US military, which in turn inflicted heavy casualties on the US military.

Yet, this resilience could not mask the severe military failures suffered by the Vietnam People's Army during its first phase. The Vietnam War of Unification lasted six months, and while the army seemingly conquered vast territories, it had already suffered nearly 100,000 casualties, and the majority of the troops advancing south had lost their combat effectiveness.

The US military has emerged from its initial downturn. Of course, to gain the initiative on the battlefield, the US military also paid a huge price. First, in the Battle of Saigon and then in the counterattacks over the past month, the US military suffered over 4300 casualties alone. Including casualties, the US military suffered heavy casualties.

Kennedy saw it regained on the battlefield in Vietnam

Initiative, so the scope of bombing by American bombers was expanded.

U.S. aircraft have begun bombing airfields, power plants, and factories around North Vietnamese cities such as Hanoi and Haiphong.

Since the Soviet Union provoked a war in Indochina, the United States was ready to completely take over Vietnam and make the Soviet strategy fail completely.

While the Vietnamese People's Army and US troops were fighting bloody battles in Vietnam and Cambodia, the Lao People's Army and Lao government forces were winning battle after battle.

The Lao People's Army really grew stronger with each battle, of course, this was mainly due to the poor combat effectiveness of the Laotian government forces. The territory controlled by the Lao People's Army was also expanding. By the end of June 1961, less than ten months later, the Lao People's Army actually controlled nearly 6 square kilometers of territory and had 10 field troops.

The Laotian government is unable to stop the Lao People's Army

The offensive led to the loss of territory one after another, so the only option was to ask the United States for help.

But now most of the US military's forces are used in Vietnam, and it is difficult to withdraw too many troops in a short period of time, so the US can only continue to arm the Thai army. Before the outbreak of the Vietnam War, Thailand did not have many troops in the country.

However, after the war broke out in Indochina, the United States massively armed the Thai army, which quickly expanded to around 13 men. Industrial powers like the United States and the Soviet Union often had their cheapest goods, so a large amount of weapons and equipment flowed into Thailand.

In order to prevent Laos from becoming a communist country, 10000 Thai troops crossed the border into Laos to help the Laotian government forces fight against the Lao People's Army.

Seeing the Thai army entering Laos, Zhang Yunyu, head of the Chinese military advisory group, asked the Lao People's Army to stop the siege.

Zhang Yunyu planned to lure the enemy deep into the territory, concentrate the main force of the Lao People's Army, and take advantage of the fact that the Thai army had just entered Laos and was unfamiliar with the place to launch a war of annihilation against the Thai army.

Of course, while Laos was experiencing this, the situation in Myanmar was also unstable. Since Thakin Than Tung, Chairman of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB), established contact with China, he quickly established a base in northern Myanmar. Guerrillas in northern Myanmar were rallied, and over the past few months, they had trained over 3000 troops.

Don't think 3000 people are too few. In Myanmar, a force of several thousand is already a formidable military force. Many Burmese warlords have only a few hundred men under their command, yet they are able to establish their own territories.

Not to mention that the more than 3000 people under Deqin Dandong were trained by the Chinese Military Advisory Group. Cui Jiangong was originally a political cadre, and later after the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation, he became an outstanding cadre with both military and political excellence.

Helping Thakin Dandong train an army was easy. Furthermore, after Cui Jiangong's training, the unit's combat effectiveness rapidly increased, quickly distinguishing itself among the Burmese warlords. As a result, a large number of stable bases were established in northern Myanmar in a short period of time.

At the same time, Zhang Xiushan began to lead the Communist Party of Burma cadres in carrying out rural economic reforms in northern Myanmar. The first was land reform, which abolished the privileges of many local chieftains and distributed land to local people.

Then he led the local people to grow crops such as rice, coffee, peanuts, and cotton. These crops were purchased by China, and China provided the daily necessities they needed to northern Myanmar.

Zhang Xiushan's land reform and economic reforms in northern Myanmar quickly stabilized the northern Burma base, allowing hundreds of thousands of local people to settle down and develop agriculture. As a result, many people enthusiastically joined the Communist Party of Burma's People's Army.

The number of Communist Party of Burma (CPB) People's Army troops in northern Myanmar expanded rapidly. In particular, a significant number of local Chinese and overseas Chinese joined the army. Of the approximately 2000 Chinese and overseas Chinese in total, over joined the army.

It can be said that while the Vietnam War attracted everyone's attention, the revolutions in Laos and Myanmar were progressing in an orderly manner.

It may not seem like a big move, but with the support of Chinese weapons and ammunition, as well as China's help in reorganizing political parties, establishing party schools to train cadres, and sending military advisory groups to train troops, the strength of the Lao People's Party and the Communist Party of Burma has rapidly increased without anyone noticing.

Because what China is doing is the most basic, but also the most core thing. Reorganizing the Lao People's Party and the Communist Party of Burma means establishing a truly powerful central party committee.

The establishment of the Party School is to continuously train reserve cadres. The Soviet military advisory group trained troops and completely copied

The Soviet Army. However, many of the cadres in the Chinese military delegation had trained militias and guerrillas and eventually became commanders of regular troops. Therefore, they were very adept at training guerrillas.

In addition, Zhang Xiushan attached great importance to the construction of base areas. Therefore, the Laotian and Burmese revolutions had a very solid foundation. It is just that it is not visible now.

The failure to decisively defeat the enemy in Vietnam infuriated Khrushchev. He had initially expected Vietnam to be liberated quickly and the Indochina strategy to succeed quickly. However, the US response was much faster than he had anticipated.

The Vietnamese People's Army, which had been advancing southward, was severely damaged, and most of its troops could only hide and wait for orders. The medium and large cities that had been captured were once again abandoned by the Vietnamese People's Army.

Khrushchev had spent so much money on the Vietnam War that he could not accept failure.

Decided to increase support for the Workers' Party of Vietnam.

The Vietnamese People's Army also needed to equip 20 more army divisions and help the Vietnamese People's Army form 20 anti-aircraft artillery regiments to counter the US air superiority. In addition, the Vietnamese People's Army lost more than 50000 trucks during this battle, so Khrushchev decided to give Vietnam another trucks.

He also repeatedly sent telegrams to China, demanding that China send anti-aircraft artillery and surface-to-air missile units into North Vietnam to help the Vietnamese Workers' Party protect important cities such as Hanoi and Haiphong. Khrushchev hoped that Chinese anti-aircraft artillery would protect important North Vietnamese cities and transportation lines, while Vietnamese anti-aircraft artillery would move south to participate in the war.

The anti-aircraft artillery regiments currently deployed by China are mainly stationed along the Sino-Vietnamese border to protect the important transportation lines between China and Vietnam. The Soviet Union and Vietnam had not previously stated that Chinese anti-aircraft artillery units would be allowed to enter the core areas of North Vietnam.

But now it was no longer possible. The US military's air superiority was too obvious, and the bombing range was constantly expanding. Relying on the Vietnamese air defense forces was simply no solution, so the only option was to request the Chinese air defense forces to enter Vietnam.

The Chinese side said that the air defense forces were not fully prepared, especially lacking in mobility. Khrushchev was now very anxious, so he waved his hand and gave the Chinese air defense forces 8000 trucks and 1000 jeeps for their mobility.

Since Khrushchev was so generous, China told Khrushchev that the first batch would be 20 independent anti-aircraft artillery battalions sent to Hanoi.

Of course, these alone were not enough to calm Khrushchev down, so he once again set his sights on Berlin.

This time Khrushchev was so angry that he gave Britain, the United States, and France a 100-day ultimatum, demanding that the United States must

The weapons previously given to the Federal Republic of Germany must be withdrawn, and the Federal Republic of Germany will absolutely not be allowed to rearm. Berlin must become a "demilitarized free city."

At the same time, Khrushchev suspended the implementation of the disarmament plan, increased the defense budget, convened a meeting of senior military advisers, and appointed a new commander in Germany.

Kennedy, unwilling to be outdone by the Soviet Union's actions, decided to increase defense spending, strengthen the combat capabilities of US troops stationed in Germany, improve their strategic position, and particularly increase missile capabilities. Britain and France strongly supported the US policy.

In order to increase their bargaining chips, the United States and the Soviet Union have been frantically conducting various nuclear tests for more than a year to show their determination.

The hot war in Indochina and the renewed outbreak of the Berlin Crisis made the Cold War increasingly dangerous.

Although Britain and France firmly supported

The United States, however, did not want a conflict between the US and the Soviet Union in Europe. Europe was at the center of both world wars, and the impact on Europe was very severe. Both Britain and France are now under the shadow of this.

Britain and France watched with trepidation as the US and the Soviet Union engaged in a war in Europe, particularly a nuclear war. Consequently, they actively called for negotiations to resolve the crisis. This time, not only Britain, but France also joined forces with Britain in calling for a five-nation conference to resolve the Indochina Peninsula war and the Berlin Crisis.

Although the United States and the Soviet Union were acting tougher than each other and neither was willing to back down, they also did not want to actually fight, so they just backed off and agreed to hold a five-nation conference.

Therefore, Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union also sent invitations to China, hoping that China would participate in the conference.

"That's a good thing."

In order to discuss the issue of the Indochina Peninsula and the invitation to the Five-Nation Conference, Wei Hongjun convened a Politburo meeting to discuss the matter.

After receiving the notice, the Chairman also attended this meeting because it involved the issue of communism in Indochina, the Cold War, and Chinese diplomacy.

"In the past, major world affairs were decided by conferences of the four powers: Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union. But in recent years, there have been calls for a five-power conference, including our country. This shows that our country's international influence is constantly expanding and that our diplomacy is successful."

General Chen was very satisfied with the Five-Nation Conference.

Why is it necessary to convene a five-nation conference? Because without China's participation, the Indochina Peninsula issue cannot be fundamentally resolved.

Being able to sit down and discuss world issues with world powers such as Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union, it is of course a great honor for General Chen, the Foreign Minister.

Very satisfied.

"If my country can play a role in this five-nation meeting, it will be very beneficial for further enhancing its international influence and even returning to the United Nations."

The Prime Minister was also quite happy.

The Premier has been presiding over diplomatic work, and China's international influence is growing. The fact that the four major world powers, Britain, France, the United States, and the Soviet Union, all agreed to China's participation in the conference is itself a testament to China's strength.

"I think it's pointless to attend this meeting or not."

Luo Qirong said with some disdain: "The problem of the Indochina Peninsula cannot be solved by a four-nation conference or a five-nation conference. The revolution in Indochina Peninsula is part of the international communist movement supported by China and the Soviet Union. Does this mean that after participating in the conference, we will abandon the fraternal parties in Indochina Peninsula? No."

Support the revolution in Indochina again?"

"In fact, the main issue that Britain and France need to resolve is the Berlin Crisis. Britain and France are concerned about the situation in Indochina, but its importance is far less than that of the Berlin issue. Under such circumstances, we will not be able to resolve any issues if we participate in the Five-Power Conference."

"We are insignificant in the Berlin issue. We have to follow the Soviet Union's lead on the Indochina Peninsula issue and have no independent voice. If we go to the Five Power Conference, we won't even have our own opinions. Going there will only make Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union look down on us."

Luo Qirong has this kind of personality.

Originally, the Prime Minister and General Chen were very happy. Some other leaders thought that being invited by world powers such as Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union was indeed a good thing.

But Luo Qirong immediately poured cold water on everyone. China was invited because the issues on the Indochina Peninsula cannot be separated from China.

But what would happen if China went? Could China and the Soviet Union still stop their plan to communistize Indochina? If they stopped now, the hundreds of billions of rubles that the Soviet Union had directly and indirectly invested over the past two years would be wasted. Would the Soviet Union agree?

Since it cannot be stopped, China can only follow the Soviet Union. If it has no say in the matter, what is the point of going or not?

"I think what Comrade Luo Qirong said makes a lot of sense.

General Peng echoed Luo Qirong, saying, "The war in Indochina is impossible to stop. What are we going to do now? If we attend the Five-Nation Conference, it might just lead to misunderstandings."