Water Margin: The opening scene involves assassinating Emperor Huizong of Song and forcibly taking L

"Let's start with the Great Dao of the Universe."

"Although Guanxue has been integrated into Luoxue,"

"But Zhong Qing studied the Guan School, a family tradition,"

"Let's start with Zhong Qing."

This is to explore different schools of thought on the universe.

Zhong Shidao stood up and said:

"Heaven and earth, the universe, are one energy."

"It is the Great Harmony, it is the Way of Heaven."

Lao Tzu said that existence arises from non-existence.

"This statement is incorrect..."

Zhang Zai's Guanxue cosmology

This can be summarized as "monism".

That is, the universe is composed of a mysterious force.

Let's call it "qi" for now.

Qi gathers into the Great Void.

That is heaven, that is nothingness;

When Qi disperses, it becomes all things.

The Way is existence itself.

Heaven is the foundation, and the Way is the application.

Existence and non-existence are essentially one.

The idea that "existence arises from non-existence" as Lao Tzu described does not exist.

Other theories include those concerning temperament and spirits.

All of them are explained from a materialist perspective.

This is a kind of naive materialism.

Consider air as the fundamental substance of the universe.

It also has a sense of the indestructible cycle of matter.

Even if a person dies,

Everything was destroyed.

But the fundamental substance (qi) that makes up humans and all things still exists.

And they can be recombined into new things through the workings of the Heavenly Way.

"No!"

Hu Anguo, representing Luo Xue, stood up and said:

"To improve oneself daily, even if it's just for a day..."

The cosmology of Luoyang studies

It is completely different from the Guan School.

The Way of Heaven in Luoyang Studies is the Principle of Heaven.

Matter (qi) is subject to birth and death.

It is constantly evolving and being updated.

They also believed that the "Great Void" of Guan School was not the Dao, but a vessel.

Only abstract concepts like rituals, laws, and morality constitute the Dao.

The rest are tools or implements.

Next, Huang Shang expressed his views on behalf of the new school.

Wang Anshi's new cosmology

It is derived from tracing the original meaning of the Tao Te Ching.

He believed that Yin and Yang were the origin of the universe.

The universe is made up of gas.

The primordial energy remains still; this is the essence of the Dao.

The vital energy circulates between heaven and earth.

The formation of all things is the function of the Tao.

There is no representative figure in Su Xue (Su Shi's school of thought).

Zhao Yuan asked Zhai Ruwen to elaborate on his behalf.

In terms of cosmology,

Su Xue has nothing of his own.

It's similar to Luo Xue's explanation.

After Zhao Yuan listened,

They all seem pretty much the same.

That is, Zhang Zai's Guan School,

The idea that its material cycle is indestructible is quite interesting.

Immediately afterwards, Zhao Yuan asked about the worldviews and philosophies of life of each school of thought.

The expositions of Guan School, Luo School, and Su School,

None of them piqued Zhao Yuan's interest.

Only new learning,

Zhao Yuan's eyes lit up upon hearing this.

The main ideas of Wang Anshi's new learning are:

Natural laws (the Way of Heaven) do not change according to human subjective will.

Therefore, people should not interfere.

But human affairs outside of the Way of Heaven

But it requires people to do it.

This is clearly defining the boundary between heaven and humanity.

Don't concern yourself with the ways of Heaven.

It's none of our business.

Just do your job properly!

Zhao Yuan suddenly clapped his hands and exclaimed, "What a wonderful 'What does the natural way have to do with anything?'!"

"What a fine 'only when it involves form and substance'!"

"Therefore, it must depend on people's words and actions."

"I previously could not discern the way of Heaven and man,"

"Wang Linchuan's words have hit the nail on the head!"

About 30% of the officials' expressions changed drastically.

About half of the officials looked pleased.

The remaining 20% ​​of officials remained unmoved.

Zhao Yuan added another sentence:

"I do not entirely endorse the new learning,"

"But regarding the Way of Heaven and Man,"

"I think what Wang Linchuan said is absolutely right."

"The future interaction between Heaven and humanity,"

"We should still take this as the standard."

"The way of Heaven is the way of Heaven; simply revere it."

"Humanity is humanity, and we must do our best."

"His Majesty....."

Juan Guo wanted to debate.

Zhao Yuan interrupted, saying, "No need for further words."

"The ideas and viewpoints of Luoyang Studies,"

"I have already heard it,"

"I think the new learning makes more sense."

Xiao Chu smiled but remained silent.

Hu Anguo had already suffered setbacks with the emperor.

Seeing Xiao Chu's gloating expression again,

She immediately rolled her eyes at this senior brother.

You traitor to Luoyang University

The emperor has approved of the new learning.

You're still just sitting there watching the show!

Wen Huanzhang didn't care about this.

Anyway, he was a dual practitioner of Luoyang Studies and Modern Studies.

It's just that it leans more towards the Luoyang School.

Vice Minister Zhai Ruwen, however, harbored expectations.

Regarding economic policy,

Support Su Shi's free market economy.

Chapter 1881 Astronomy

Since the emperor supported the new school's view of the relationship between Heaven and humanity,

Would they also support Su Xue's economic views?

With the accumulation of experience by local officials,

In his later years, Su Shi

They have already approved some of Wang Anshi's new laws.

Therefore, Su Shi's ideas on governing the country,

It is due to the government's active intervention in agriculture.

However, we should not interfere too much with industry and commerce.

Immediately, Zhai Ruwen stood up and said:

"The economic views expressed by the Three Sus..."

After listening, Zhao Yuan said: