The Ming Dynasty did not revolutionize

Chapter 190: Kaesong Surrender

On August 1, the 42nd year of Xianning, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Aisin-Gioro Hongli, led all the civil and military officials of the Qing court out of the city to surrender.

Qianlong originally thought that he needed to wrap his head with white cloth and take a coffin with him when he went out. After all, this was the basic procedure for surrender in ancient dynasties.

But Zhu Jianxuan didn't need that. As long as they went out of the city together to pay homage to the King of Wu, it would be enough. It was already certain that they would not be killed, so there was no need to make a fuss about preparing the coffin.

The Eight Banners garrison in the city was the first to leave the city. Under the supervision of the Northern Expedition Army, they dropped their weapons at several designated places and then waited in the designated area.

On the street outside the north main gate of Nanhaizi, Emperor Qianlong led the civil and military officials of the Qing court to pay homage to Zhu Jianxuan and performed the four princely ceremonies.

The emperor presented the Qing dynasty's seal, maps, list of officials, roster of royal family members, and five copies of the letter of surrender.

One copy of the surrender letter was submitted to Yingtian Prefecture for storage, one copy was kept by the King of Wu himself, and the other three copies were used to recruit officials of local agencies under the Qing Dynasty to surrender.

The craftsmen of the Wu State had invented the camera two years ago, but it was still rather troublesome to use and required a long period of preparation and waiting.

Today, the craftsmen prepared cameras in advance. When Qianlong and others presented the surrender memorial, they had to kneel still, so they could take a few photos as a souvenir.

Zhu Jianxuan asked Duan Yucai to keep the photos and send them to Yingtian Prefecture after they were developed to present them to his father and announce the good news.

Zhu Jianxuan took a quick look at Qianlong's appearance and felt that he seemed to be extremely old and might not live long.

In the original history, Qianlong lived to be eighty-nine years old, which was a rare longevity among the ancients.

This shows that he has the gift of longevity.

But talent is only the foundation. Whether you can really live a long life depends on your living environment and conditions.

In his previous life, he held absolute power and possessed the highest status and resources in the world, which allowed him to live peacefully until the age of eighty-nine.

But in this world, he doesn't have those conditions.

The decline of power and status, the shortage of resources, and mental stress will all shorten his lifespan.

Zhu Jianxuan thought for a while and asked Duan Yucai to announce an imperial decree.

Mainly it explains the arrangements for them.

All Manchus were ordered to change to Chinese surnames, wear Chinese clothes, speak Chinese, use Chinese characters, and abolish all titles such as Eight Banners, Baoyi, and Slaves.

Aisin-Gioro Hongli changed his name to Zhao Hongli, and Aisin-Gioro Yongyan changed his name to Zhao Yongyan.

Niuhulu Heshen changed his name to Lu Heshen, and Zhangjia Agui changed his name to Zhang Agui.

According to Manchu tradition, when they needed a Chinese surname, the Jueluo clan outside the Great Wall would usually use Zhao, while those inside the Great Wall would usually use Jin.

Because more Manchu language traditions are preserved outside the Great Wall, the pronunciation of Zhao in Manchu is very similar to that of Jueluo.

There was also a widely circulated legend among the Manchus at that time, saying that the Gioro clan was a descendant of Song Huizong, so the Gioro clan was originally Zhao.

Because the Northern Song royal family headed by Song Huizong and Song Qinzong were captured by the Jin Kingdom and taken to the north after the Jingkang Incident, Song Huizong did leave several children in the northeast.

So much so that many people firmly believe the legend that Juelu is Zhao.

However, Zhu Jianxuan remembered that according to the results of molecular biology tests in later generations, the Gioro clan was pure Tungus and had nothing to do with the royal family of the Song Dynasty.

However, Zhu Jianxuan didn't care who they were descendants of, he just used more common Chinese surnames for the convenience of registration.

Then, according to the list provided by the Qing court, members of the Qing royal family were organized into the Jianzhou Left Guard, personnel from the Ministry of Internal Affairs were organized into the Jianzhou Right Guard, all clerk families were organized into the Jianzhou Vanguard Guard, Manchu civil and military officials were organized into the Jianzhou Rear Guard, and Han civil and military officials were organized into the Jianzhou Central Guard.

Ordinary Manchu and Han residents without official status inside and outside Shuntian Prefecture, as well as captured ordinary Manchu and Han soldiers, were organized into the Five Guards of Manchuria: Front, Back, Left, Right, and Center. They were given the weapons seized from the Qing soldiers, and were given basic military training to use as militia.

At the same time, officers and veterans were selected from the twelve main divisions of the Wu State to serve as officers of the Five Guards of Jianzhou and the Five Guards of Manzhou.

Ten guards were formed at once, which was actually another large-scale promotion. Many officers could directly skip two levels, and many veterans could directly become centurions.

Finally, the most well-known people in the Qing Dynasty were selected from the royal family, the Eight Banners, and officials of the Five Guards of Jianzhou to form three delegations responsible for soliciting surrender.

Each of them brought a surrender letter and followed a unit of the Northern Expedition Army to various regions in the grasslands, northeast China, and North America, demanding that the local garrisons and officials surrender to the Ming Dynasty. A main force division of the Wu Kingdom was dispatched to lead the residents of the five guards of Manchuria to take a steamboat to Liaodong first and take over the prefectures, states, counties, and villages in Liaodong.

The remaining personnel of the Five Guards of Jianzhou, that is, most of the senior officials of the Qing Dynasty, marched slowly towards Liaodong.

The royal family, eight banners, and officials who stayed behind in Shengjing, Fengtian Prefecture of the Qing Dynasty were all incorporated into the Five Guards of Jianzhou and the Five Guards of Manchuria according to the same standards as Shuntian Prefecture.

The five Manchu guards were the main force and the five Jianzhou guards were the auxiliary force. They were responsible for the development of the historical Anshan Iron Mine, Fushun Coal Mine and Benxi Coal and Iron Mine.

Liaodong Province was established under the jurisdiction of Fengtian General, and Fengtian Prefecture was changed to Shenyang Prefecture.

Restore the former Liaodong Regional Military Commission, reorganize the local Liaodong Han people into guards, and control key places and lands.

All the land of the Eight Banners nobles was gradually confiscated and distributed to the Han Chinese garrisons for direct cultivation. The Eight Banners descendants were incorporated into the Manchu and Jianzhou Garrisons, responsible for the development of coal and iron mines.

After Zhu Jianxuan's decree was read out, the surrender ceremony was over.

After hearing the imperial edict, the Qing court nobles and officials headed by Hongli were all very confused.

Although Duan Yucai had already said that the only guarantee the King of Wu gave them was to keep them alive.

However, Duan Yucai also said that whatever treatment the Ming Dynasty would give them was all arranged by the Ming Dynasty, and they were not allowed to ask for it themselves.

So they also had some expectation that the Ming Dynasty would give them a basic empty title, just like the monarchs of annexed countries in ancient times.

But now Zhu Jianxuan gave them nothing and directly organized them into ordinary residents of several garrisons, without even the lowest level of official status.

However, no matter how confused they were, they had already taken the initiative to surrender and leave the city. Under the guns of the Ming soldiers, they had no way to resist.

I could only kowtow again and accept the order with fear, trepidation and uneasiness.

Then something even more surprising happened to them. The main force of the Wu State immediately began to reorganize them.

Duan Yucai led the secretariat officials who had been prepared in advance, and cooperated with a large number of grassroots officers from several main divisions to re-register the identities of Zhao Hongli and others.

Then the officers would take them back into the city and return home, and re-register the identities of all their families.

After the whole family was registered, the soldiers of the main division drove everyone in their family away from Shuntian City.

From the concubines in the Forbidden City, the emperor's descendants, to the children of ordinary officials, everyone had to leave the city.

No matter they were princes or grandchildren of the emperor or the wives of the lowest-ranking officials, they were not allowed to carry any gold or silver.

Everyone can only carry the most basic items such as clothes and bedding, and is limited to what one person can carry. Each person can only carry two sets of clothes.

No matter what their original identities were, they were just ordinary civilians in the Ming Dynasty's garrison system.

Therefore, even if they were originally imperial concubines or princes, they could no longer rely on anyone else’s help and could only carry their own things.

The main force of the Wu State drove the families of the Five Guards of Jianzhou out of the city. After reuniting with the heads of the households of the Five Guards of Jianzhou, they set off directly on foot to Liaodong.

The servants of the core ruling group of the Qing court were also driven out of the city with them to prevent them from stealing property.

These ordinary servants will be incorporated into the Five Manchu Guards and managed separately.

The Northern Expedition Army divisions entered the city one after another to maintain order in Shuntian Prefecture. They were also responsible for driving out the residents in the city in batches according to their identities, reorganizing them into garrison structures, and then sending them away.

At this time, there were more than 700,000 people in the inner and outer cities of Shuntian Prefecture, with a little over 500,000 people in the inner city and about 200,000 people in the outer city.

The inner city was nominally the place for the imperial palace and the Eight Banners, and Han people were nominally not allowed to own houses.

In fact, many houses were rented to Han people, and most of the citizens in the outer city were Han people.

But all the Han people in these cities were marginal personnel of the Qing central court, or at least served the Qing court and the Eight Banners.

In addition, Zhu Jianxuan needed a complete and completely empty Shuntian City, so they also had to be cleared out.

(End of this chapter)