Han Khan

Chapter 37, The Birth of a Clan
"They are slightly similar, but they feel quite different. At least in my Jinhan tribe, everyone is your servant, Your Highness, and no one can be compared with you." Zhang Zhongxian thought for a moment and replied to Zhang Sheng.

"What the Cardinal said is absolutely right. The Jinhan tribe is your Highness's private property. We all regard your Highness as our leader. There is no family or clan in the tribe, and no one can be compared with your Highness." Zhang Jinda also expressed his opinion.

"Okay, then when we lead the Jinhan tribe to defeat and conquer more Hu tribes, there will be more Hu tribes and clans in the Jinhan tribe. How should we manage these people with different languages, cultures, and beliefs?
Should we let the original clan and tribal leaders manage it? Kill them all? Or let them go? If so, when will our Jinhan tribe become strong? "After listening to what the others said, Zhang Sheng smiled and continued to ask.

"Is this the reason why Your Highness established the hundred households and reorganized all the people in the tribe?" Zhang Sheng's cousin Li Shaozong said after hearing this.

Zhang Sheng nodded to him and continued:
"On the grasslands, on the snowy plateaus.

The leaders of many Hu clans and tribes each led their own people, and united in the form of clans and tribes to form a huge tribal alliance state.

For example, the Rouran, Turks, Uighurs, and even the Khitans in the north of Youyan were all like this, and they rose to power very quickly.

However, you must also know what happened to the once powerful Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, and Uighur kingdoms on the desert grasslands.
But do their names still exist in Mobei now?
Have you ever thought about why it has come to this?" Zhang Sheng said.

"Could this be what Your Highness said, the hidden dangers brought about by the alliance of clans and tribes, their rise and fall due to the alliance?" Zhang Jinda said immediately after hearing what Zhang Sheng said.

When he heard someone answer, he heard the answer he wanted, smiled slightly, and continued:
"Yes, that's right. The tribes on the grasslands formed an alliance to become a country. When foreign enemies invaded, they could unite to resist the enemy.

However, when benefits are unfairly distributed and resources are unevenly distributed, the tribes begin to fight each other, and even unite to overthrow the powerful ruling tribe, and the alliance collapses.

Or when natural disasters or man-made disasters occur, the tribes will flee separately and the alliance will fall apart. The independent tribes will conquer the weaker tribes in the alliance, and eventually defeat and annex the tribe that originally ruled the alliance, re-form a new alliance, and become the new ruling tribe.

No tribe could stay in the desert forever. The losers in the fight were either annihilated, annexed, or fled.

A country composed of alliances of clans and tribes is a ruling system that cannot achieve stable centralization of power. It may unite or split at any time.

Unpredictable rise and fall has become the basic characteristic of almost all such forces.

Think about it, isn't the Jinhan tribe facing the same dilemma now? "

"Your Highness, I understand.

Today, under the Jinhan tribe, there are many small tribes with different origins. They have submitted to our rule because of the conquest of Jinhan today.

If Jin Han becomes stronger and stronger in the future, conquers more and more tribes and brings them under its control, the final result will be an alliance state similar to the Turks and Uighurs.

But we still need to appoint some leaders from the original tribes to help our Jinhan tribe manage the numerous tribesmen from all over the country. Although our Jinhan tribe has become powerful, it is still a tribe in the end and has not truly established a country.

If one day our Jin Han declines and faces powerful foreign enemies, or encounters natural disasters, these tribes and clans will certainly break away from Jin Han under the leadership of their leaders, or surrender to the new conquerors.

By then, the Jinhan tribe would be reduced to just a tribe again, or even annexed and massacred by the other tribes.

Therefore, what Your Highness did was to break up all the clans of the Uighurs, Tibetans, Qiangs, and Sai peoples who were conquered and annexed by our Jin Han, and incorporate them into various hundred households managed by our Jin Han warriors.

It is impossible for them to gather and they are no longer under the control and management of their clan or tribal leaders.

They were under the jurisdiction of the centurions of the Jin Han people. We made them ride on horses to serve as soldiers to resist foreign enemies, and dismount to graze and work. Eventually, they were completely annexed by the Jin Han people and became Jin Han people.

Your Highness, is what I said correct? "After Li Shaozong suddenly realized it, he was instantly impressed by his cousin's wisdom and said.

“Yes, that’s true. But it’s also more than that.

If our Jinhan tribe wants to grow stronger, we must continue to annex more tribes and more people to increase the population of the tribe and enhance our strength so that we will have people to graze and fight for Jinhan.

Can't the Hu people be used by me? The Hu people under my command now admire the customs and culture of the Jin Han people. After being ruled by me, many of them have regarded themselves as Jin Han people.

After the priest's gift, many of the Hu people under my Jin Han's command have converted to His Majesty Haotian. I am not afraid that their hearts will change. As long as they dare to change, endless slavery and punishment will be imposed on them.

What I did was to prevent large groups of people from rebelling together.

But now in our Jinhan tribe, where are the tribes that exist in one place? This is the purpose of registering all the people as one hundred households.

Furthermore, there are only more than 3000 households in the Jinhan tribe now, and there will be 3 households or 30 households in the future... How should we manage such a huge Jinhan by then?

Therefore, in order to manage the increasing number of people in Jinhan, a grassroots organizational management system must be established. Relying on me, you, you..., how many people can we manage? I reorganized the people of ten households and one hundred households in order to establish the grassroots organization of Jinhan.

Many loyal and meritorious subjects, who were centurions, were appointed to manage the people of Jin Han.

In the future, as the number of centurions gradually increases, it will be necessary to appoint more centurion heads and ten-household heads.

To do this, the priests and holy warriors will need to work together with me to select and promote more centurions and decanters who are loyal to me and believe in the God of Heaven from among those warriors who have made military achievements, learned the elegant language and converted to the holy religion.

In this way, Jin Han was able to expand the hundred households, establish a thousand households and appoint the thousand-household heads.

The thousand-household head manages the hundred-household head, and the hundred-household head manages the ten-household heads. Through this hierarchical approach, the numerous tribesmen can be effectively controlled and managed.

By then, there will be no tribes or clans anymore. All the people under the Jinhan tribe will be Jinhan people." Zhang Sheng expressed his thoughts to everyone in the tent in a rhythmic voice.

Everyone was amazed and knelt down to kowtow, saying: "You are so wise, the Son of Heaven appointed by God, we sincerely pray for your protection.

In the name of God, we swear to dedicate our lives and loyalty to you, to serve you until death, and to fight for you.

Fight for Haotian God, Jinhan and the Holy Church."

The original Jinhan tribe had only one clan, Zhang Sheng's Zhang clan, and even this clan only had Zhang Sheng.

Therefore, in reality, everyone in the Jinhan tribe was his subject or slave, and no matter how Zhang Sheng addressed the people in the tribe respectfully, this fact could not be changed.

However, this plunder of the Kucha Uighurs greatly increased the wealth and number of people of the Jinhan tribe.

But do all the seized population, livestock and other wealth belong to the leader Zhang Sheng?

Of course not, because the soldiers under his command do not receive any salary. If there is no distribution of spoils and no improvement in status after a battle, then his position as leader will be in jeopardy.
Afterwards, Zhang Sheng distributed livestock and wealth and appointed heads of ten households and hundred households to those soldiers, squad leaders, captains, centurions and priests who had made military achievements and merits.

These people have now become one of the true and prominent rulers of the Jinhan tribe, owning slaves, livestock, and armor and weapons.

The entire Jinhan tribe instantly crossed over from a clan slave society to a private feudal society. In fact, those heads of ten households, heads of a hundred households, and priests already had legal control over the people of the tribe.

But if this is not done and an effective management system is not established, then these conquered tribes who are incorporated into Jin Han will often rebel and become difficult to govern.

The crisis of disintegration will also accompany the new Jinhan tribe.

This is roughly the political ecology on the grassland.

When the water and grass are abundant, everyone goes out to graze and lives on the water and grass. When the water and grass are dry, they gather together.

During the winter days of group hunting, the tribal nobles sat together to exchange their experiences and feelings about grazing in various places over the past year, and by the way, they planned the tasks for the next year through collective discussion.

Year after year, a leader would emerge from this group of people. With this leader as the core, clans and tribes would emerge. The number of people in a tribe could be more or less, ranging from tens of thousands to dozens of households.

Conflicts between tribes are inevitable due to competition for pasture and other resources.

In such conflicts, there would always be a tribe that was particularly capable of fighting that stood out. Then, the other tribes, intimidated by its strength, would respect it as the common leader of the grassland - the Khan.

However, this Khan was not like the supreme emperor in the Central Plains.

First, he could not control everything on the grassland. In fact, all he could control was his own core tribe and clan.

Second, other tribes had limited obligations to the Khan. They only paid tribute to him in peacetime and sent troops in wars due to the powerful threat posed by the Khan's headquarters, or they might not even send troops at all, as long as they could withstand the Khan's revenge.

Therefore, this determines that the many nomadic states on the grasslands have always had ups and downs. Because no matter how powerful they are, they are only the power of a tribe.

When the Khan's clan or tribe declines and splits, other clans or tribes will take its place, just like the change of dynasties."

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(End of this chapter)