1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 622: Plan ! A bold guess! Revised gravity theory! Wrong again! That man takes action!
The discussion about the reasons for the difference in quality continues.

Most of the answers proposed were obviously wrong or irrational and were quickly disproven.

Although the debate between Yu Qingsong and Shapley was brilliant, it only eliminated one answer.

The problem is still not solved.

But this issue is extremely important and must be resolved!
A full minute passed and no one tried to answer the question again.

Eddington was thinking about how to arrange the next meeting.

At this moment, Haier, who rarely asked questions in meetings, spoke up:

"I have an idea."

Wow!
Everyone was shocked!
The real boss is about to take action!
As the chairman of the International Aesthetic Federation, Haier's strength is unquestionable.

He entered MIT to study physics at the age of 18, and became the youngest professor of astrophysics at the University of Chicago at the age of 24.

He built the world's largest telescope for the United States and trained countless young astronomical students.

Although by Li Qiwei's side, Haier could only act as a shocking member of the atmosphere group.

But in front of ordinary astronomers, he is a well-deserved "Ebi".

And Haier has another characteristic: the content and scope of his research throughout his life never went beyond the solar system.

When it comes to research on the properties of the sun, he definitely dares to call himself the best in the academic world!

He is 57 years old and has been studying astronomy for more than 30 years. He has seen too many incredible phenomena.

Therefore, he suddenly had a different idea today.

Under everyone's expectation, Haier said:
"After Newton proposed the law of universal gravitation, astronomers at the time claimed to have mastered the secrets of celestial motion."

“With just a pen, humans can calculate the existence of Neptune, the return date of Halley’s Comet, and the exact time of solar and lunar eclipses.”

"These feats may seem commonplace now, but before the Middle Ages, they were no different from the dark magic of wizards."

"The law of universal gravitation seems to explain all celestial bodies."

"That's what our professional textbooks say too."

"But is this really the case?"

"I have studied astronomy all my life, and I have also studied the solar system all my life."

"I've seen too many papers on the law of universal gravitation calculating the motion of celestial bodies."

"But more than 80% of them are within the solar system."

"Their theoretical calculation results are in very good agreement with the measured data."

"In other words, within the solar system, the correctness of the law of universal gravitation has been verified by countless observational data."

“It can never go wrong.”

"But what about outside the solar system?"

“When the law of universal gravitation is applied to large scales such as galaxies and even galaxy clusters, does it still hold true?”

“Or is it accurate enough?”

Wow!
There was another exclamation in the venue!
Everyone was shocked!

"My God!"

"Is Professor Heil going to criticize the law of universal gravitation?"

“This is kind of awesome!”

“Although the general theory of relativity includes the law of universal gravitation, Professor Bruce himself still recognizes the status of the law of universal gravitation.”

"When it calculates celestial problems, the error will never exceed an unacceptable range."

Everyone immediately started talking.

In fact, some people have considered that it is a problem with the law of universal gravitation, but no one dared to bring it up.

Because subversion also requires evidence.

Professor Bruce wanted to overturn the law of universal gravitation, so he proposed the theory of general relativity.

If you say the law of gravity doesn't fit, where is your evidence?
Everyone knows that Professor Haier must understand this, but he still said it, which shows that he must have the confidence.

Dyson on the side was not so polite.

He attended the meeting this time mainly to serve as a mascot.

But seeing his old rival Hai Er jumping up and down like that and talking nonsense, he had to put an end to his arrogance.

So, he asked directly:

"Master Hai Er, you said that the law of universal gravitation is wrong. Does that mean it is wrong?"

"Please show me your evidence."

Hai Er smiled calmly, as if he was sure of victory.

"Of course!"

"I don't like to make empty promises."

"However, Director Dyson, there is something wrong with what you said."

"I don't think the law of gravity is wrong, I just think it needs to be corrected."

"It's like Newton's laws of mechanics are only applicable at low speeds. If you want to calculate the motion of an object close to the speed of light, you have to use the special theory of relativity."

"Similarly, the law of universal gravitation is only applicable to small scales. If we want to calculate universal gravitation on a large scale, we need a new revised theory."

After saying that, Hai Er stood up and walked to the podium. He wanted to calculate on the spot!

There was a sudden commotion in the venue.

"It seems that Professor Haier is very confident."

After Haier came on stage, he did not start immediately. Instead, he looked at Ort and Zwicky and asked with a smile:

“Are you interested in working and studying at Mount Wilson Observatory?”

Everyone fainted.

Boss, you don't even forget to snatch people away during the meeting.

The two Oates smiled awkwardly and said, "I will definitely go if I have the chance."

Upon hearing this, Hai Er turned his head away proudly and said no.

"Everyone, please take a look."

"I fitted Dr. Ort's experimental data into a graph."

"The black line below is the curve of the spin speed of the Milky Way predicted by the laws of the universal law."

"The blue line above represents the actual measured spin velocity curve of the Milky Way."

"Logically, the two lines should roughly coincide."

“But right now, there’s a big gap between them.”

"So how do we fix it?"

"Actually, the method is very simple!"

"We just need to add an extra acceleration to parts of the galaxy."

“As shown in the picture.”

Click, click, click!
Haier made a lot of calculations, demonstrating its strong basic capabilities.

But everyone present could understand it.

These are just variations of Newton's law and the law of universal gravitation.

"Everyone, please take a look."

"This is the curve predicted by the revised gravity, which fits the measured curve perfectly!"

"This will explain Ort's doubts."

"It's not that the mass of the Milky Way is wrong, but that the law of gravity needs to be corrected on the scale of the Milky Way."

Wow!
The venue was in complete chaos!

The boss is worthy of being a boss. The chart shows it clearly.

The revised law of universal gravitation perfectly predicts the rotation of the Milky Way, which is almost consistent with actual measurements.

"My God!"

"Older gingers are more spicy!"

"As expected of a master who can train geniuses like Hubble and Yu Qingsong!"

Ort and Zwicky showed surprise on their faces.

They suddenly felt a little regretful for their refusal.

The reputation of Haier boss is indeed well-deserved.

However, Dyson keenly discovered the problem:
"Your correction method is purely empirical and has no logical deduction process."

"You used the rotation data of the Milky Way to work out the correction parameters in reverse."

“I think it’s unreasonable.”

Wow!
Everyone nodded, it made sense.

Another exciting debate is about to begin!

Hai Er looked sharp, smiled slightly, and said:

"No." "Not only in the field of astronomy, there are also many empirical formulas in physics."

“As long as it can solve practical problems, even empirical formulas are of great significance.”

"For example, now I am using the revised law of universal gravitation to explain the problem of galaxy clusters again."

"Everyone, please take a look."

"This is the motion curve predicted by the modified theory of gravity."

“Although it does not completely match the measured curve, the error between the two is still within an acceptable range.”

Although he spoke with great confidence, Hai'er was still a little worried in his heart.

Because he found that his revised theory was not as accurate when applied to galaxy clusters as it was to galaxies.

This gave him a bad feeling.

As expected, Dyson took advantage of the situation and retorted:
"No, I just calculated it, and your error is almost 10%."

“Although the difference is far from reaching an order of magnitude, it is a problem that cannot be ignored for curve fitting.”

After hearing this, Hai Er got angry and said:

"Galaxy clusters are a relatively new topic in astronomy, and we know very little about them."

"Perhaps the error is caused by other unknown reasons."

“And because the distance is so great, a lot of the measurements aren’t accurate enough.”

"These various errors accumulate to result in a 10% difference in the final fit."

Everyone was stunned. What Professor Haier said did make sense.

The prediction results for the Milky Way are accurate because the various parameters of the Milky Way are relatively easy to measure.

But the Coma Cluster, which is billions of light years away from Earth, is not reliable.

The slightest error will be magnified.

Moreover, Hale's modified gravity theory has an error of only 10%, which is much better than the original 50 times.

If it were in other fields, it would have been directly recognized long ago.

Dyson was speechless now.

Although he really wanted to refute Hai'er, he would never be unreasonable and refute just for the sake of refutation.

Obviously, the other party's explanation is reasonable.

For a moment, he was a little unsure.

"Is this old guy really going to be so lucky?"

If the revised theory is really correct, then Haier is awesome.

It is definitely a second spring in old age!
His theory will have a profound impact on subsequent large-scale cosmological research.

For a moment, the place was filled with a lot of discussion and it was extremely lively.

Hai Er was very proud and all his worries disappeared in an instant.

However, at this moment, Eddington, the host, suddenly spoke.

"Professor Haier, I think a new theory should not only explain existing problems, but also explain problems that have been explained by old theories."

“Although your modified gravity theory explains the spin of galaxies, it cannot explain phenomena such as starlight bending and gravitational lensing.”

After that, Eddington also walked up to the podium and began to calculate.

"Both starlight bending and gravitational lensing are astronomical phenomena that extend beyond the scale of the solar system."

“So we need to use modified gravity.”

"But according to calculations, the angle at which starlight is bent is much greater than predicted by general relativity."

"The same is true for the gravitational lens effect."

"Professor Hale's modified theory of gravity conflicts with general relativity."

"So, I am more inclined to believe that the modified theory of gravity is unnecessary."

"The mass problem of galaxies has other causes."

Wow!
There was another burst of exclamations in the venue!
Everyone was shocked by Eddington's calculation results.

It is obvious that general relativity has absolute priority over modified gravity theory.

Now that the two are in conflict, the probability that Haier is wrong is 100%, if not 99%.

Everyone smiled and sighed:
“It’s been a roller coaster ride.”

"Beat the master and let the apprentice come."

"Dyson failed to refute Haier, but his disciple delivered a fatal blow!"

Dyson looked at Eddington and felt very satisfied.

He was right to put the heavy burden on Eddington.

When Hai Er heard this, his eyes widened and he was so angry that he couldn't speak.

Eddington's logic was impeccable.

Although his revised theory explained new phenomena, it could not explain the proven theoretical phenomena.

This certainly doesn't make sense.

The reason why the theory of relativity is so awesome is not only because it brings a new perspective on space and time and predicts new phenomena.

It also fully encompasses all the conclusions of Newton's classical mechanics.

What Newtonian mechanics can explain, relativity can also explain; what Newtonian mechanics cannot explain, relativity can also explain.

This is the core reason why new and more advanced theories are accepted.

But now, his modified theory of gravity has picked up apples and lost peaches.

This makes the theory questionable.

Hai'er is not a rogue person. He knows that his plan is likely to fail.

He finally said:
"Tsk, you two, master and disciple, teamed up to bully me."

"Hubble, go help me defeat Eddington!"

Everyone laughed.

The old men are so cute.

Hubble smiled awkwardly.

Not to mention how good his relationship with Eddington was, he himself was not optimistic about his mentor's revised theory.

Playing with the law of gravity is never a good idea.

After Haier stepped down, the meeting came to a complete deadlock.

No one could stand up and offer a new explanation.

Almost all the factors that should be considered have been taken into consideration, and we are really at a loss.

The problem discovered by Ort and Zwicky seems to have no solution for the time being.

Eddington stood on the stage and began to think.

As the host, he certainly couldn't let the meeting continue to be deadlocked here.

"Let's just continue with the meeting."

"It's good to leave an unsolved mystery."

However, just as he was about to speak and invite the next speaker to come on stage.

"wrong!"

He suddenly woke up!
There is still one person who hasn’t spoken!

Eddington's sharp eyes suddenly turned to the center of the front row.

I was immediately shocked!

What a pair of bright and deep eyes they are!
It was as if the starry sky of the universe was reflected in it, the planets were rotating, and time and space were vibrating!

Wow!
At this moment, everyone noticed that Eddington's expression was abnormal.

It dawned on them!

"My God!"

"How could you forget about Professor Bruce!"

"The old man hasn't made a move yet!"

The arguments just now were so exciting that everyone subconsciously forgot that there is a single boss above the boss!
It's time for that man to take action!

But, even Professor Bruce, can he really surpass the thinking of everyone present?

At this time, Eddington came back to his senses and asked quickly:

"Professor Bruce, what do you think of the reports of Drs. Ort and Zwicky?"

Under the gaze and expectation of everyone, Li Qiwei smiled lightly and said:

"I also thought of a guess, which may be of reference to everyone."

boom!
The whole audience was shocked!

(End of this chapter)