1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 459 Quantum Theory Seminar! Everyone is looking forward to it! Who will get the fourth quantum number? !
The Pauli-Bruce exclusion principle has once again stirred up a frenzy in the physics community.

On the one hand, Pauli's age made many people envious.

At such a young age, he has become famous in the scientific community, which can be said to be the pinnacle of his life.

On the other hand, this principle solves another major problem of quantum theory.

And now, there is only one last piece of the puzzle left, and that is the existence of the fourth quantum number.

Once it is discovered, quantum theory will be complete.

As for the reshaping of quantum theory that Ridgway mentioned in his previous speech in Germany, that was too vague.

In the view of physicists, whether this revolutionary theory really exists is still an unknown.

Only a super boss like Professor Bruce would think to this level.

But at the moment, there has been no particular progress.

This is also a very normal thing in the scientific community.

For example, Einstein has recently been preaching his unified field theory everywhere.

It also caused a widespread sensation and enthusiasm in the academic community.

After all, the prospects of this theory are too tempting.

Throughout history, anyone who can come up with a "unified" theory is always a real big shot.

Many physicists have joined the research in this field.

Even different forms of unified theories have been proposed.

However, it is still in the initial stage and no shocking results have been published.

Therefore, in the eyes of the bigwigs, Professor Bruce's reconstruction of quantum theory is similar to the unified field theory.

The goal is high, the difficulty is great, but the outcome is unknown.

Compared with the above, the existing quantum theory is undoubtedly more worthy of attention.

Because it can indeed solve many existing problems, such as spectroscopy, the periodic table, etc.

Physics is, after all, a discipline that explains the world.

If the theory can already explain reality well, predict reality.

So even if it still has various problems, physicists first think of patching and supplementing it.

Instead of being like Professor Bruce, who is so ambitious and goes straight to the point of destroying everything before building it up.

It sounds extremely domineering, but it obviously does not conform to the ideas of most people.

Therefore, the existing quantum theory is still the mainstay of modern physics, and physicists are striving to perfect it.

Once the fourth quantum number is discovered, the last remaining anomalous Zeeman effect should be able to be solved.

University of Munich.

Soon after Pauli published his paper, he had his doctoral dissertation defense.

Not surprisingly, he became the youngest PhD in the history of the University of Munich.

This made the already high-profile Pauli even more arrogant.

"Who is the peak at the end of the quantum? Once you see Pauli, it becomes empty."

Heisenberg was very envious when he saw Pauli speaking eloquently and confidently on the stage.

His doctoral thesis is still a long way from meeting the requirements for defense.

Although his Physics Olympiad score was higher than Pauli's, this only proved that he had strong problem-solving ability.

Perhaps in the future, there will be stronger IYO geniuses than him, Dirac and others.

The Olympiad is always the starting point of genius, not the end point.

Problem solving is the foundation of physics research, not evidence of innovative ability.

At this moment, Heisenberg let go of the shackles in his heart.

Suddenly he felt relieved.

He was about to start looking forward.

There are still too many unknowns in modern physics and the opportunities are endless.

Inside the office.

Sommerfeld was trying to find out what Pauli was going to do next.

"Pauli, with your current qualifications, after two or three years of experience, you can become a physics professor at a university."

"Do you have any ideas?"

Pauli was always humble in front of his mentor Sommerfeld, which was completely different from his usual self.

Because he knew that without Sommerfeld's appreciation of his talent against all odds, he would not have been able to succeed so smoothly.

So Pauli was very grateful.

"Professor, I'd like to hear your opinion."

Sommerfeld nodded with satisfaction.

He felt that Pauli was a good kid with a simple mind and was willing to help others.

The reason why people like to criticize others has a lot to do with the other person’s growth environment.

Pauli was able to come into contact with many big names in the scientific field from a young age.

This causes him to have very high standards, and naturally he looks down on ordinary scientific researchers.

To put it bluntly, Pauli's personality is a bit similar to Sheldon in a later American TV series.

I don't like dealing with stupid people.

Therefore, Sommerfeld wanted to temper his mood.

So, he said:

"Your future research direction will definitely be the quantum field."

"Then there are several places suitable for you."

"The first one, of course, is Professor Bruce's Quantum Research Institute."

"It is still under construction and there is a huge demand for talent."

"And I don't need to say much about Professor Bruce's reputation."

"The second is the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark."

“Director Professor Bohr is not only Professor Bruce’s doctoral student, but also the founder of the Bohr-Lee model.”

“His ability is beyond doubt.”

"Third, it's the Department of Physics at the University of Berlin."

“Although Professor Planck has retired from the frontline of research, he has also trained many experts in the quantum field.”

“Although it’s certainly not as famous as Professor Bruce and Professor Bohr, it’s good enough for research.”

"The fourth is the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University."

“Although they mainly study atomic structure, their strength in quantum theory should not be underestimated.”

"As for other places, I don't recommend you go there."

“What you need now is a high-level research environment.”

The four places mentioned by Sommerfeld are definitely good places to go in the current field of physics.

There are talented people everywhere.

And this was also his purpose, he wanted Pauli to be with more geniuses.

Only by seeing a broader sky can you maintain a humble attitude.

Although Pauli has now made a stunning debut and shocked the physics world.

But compared with Ridgway, Bohr, Planck and Rutherford, it is nothing.

I'm afraid he would be more restrained in these places.

However, this was just Sommerfeld's wishful thinking.

When Pauli criticizes someone, he doesn't look at the other person's identity, he only looks at their achievements.

That's his nature.

At this moment, after listening to Sommerfeld's analysis, Pauli also began to think.

Although he is careless, it doesn't mean he doesn't care about his future.

An exclusion principle is far from enough to satisfy Pauli's ambition.

And he is still so young, his future is limitless.

So, he also wants to have a shining resume.

Soon, Pauli made a decision.

He said confidently:

"Professor, if you want to learn, learn from the best."

"I want to go to Professor Bruce's Quantum Institute."

“That’s the holy land of quantum theory.”

Sommerfeld was not at all surprised.

Pauli's choice was completely within his expectations. Given the other party's personality, he would definitely choose Professor Bruce.

However, with Professor Bruce's extremely domineering temper.

Sommerfeld felt that Pauli was in for a hard time.

He smiled and said:

"very good."

"I'll write you a letter of introduction."

"Since the Quantum Institute is not a university, I'm afraid we can't offer you any teaching position."

"Perhaps Professor Bruce will hire you as an assistant."

"Don't despise this identity. Many people dream of it but cannot get it."

Sommerfeld was worried that Pauli was too proud and not used to working for a big boss.

Pauli said:

"Don't worry, professor."

"I will only be at the Quantum Institute for a short period of time."

"Sooner or later I will become independent."

He made no secret of his ambitions and ideas.

Yet Sommerfeld was perfectly satisfied.

Any big shot in the field of physics will eventually form his own school.

This is especially true for someone like Pauli.

Next, Pauli did not go to England immediately, but instead, under the guidance of Sommerfeld, he met the bigwigs in the German physics community.

Planck, Einstein, Laue, Born, etc.

At the same time, a piece of news came from the Quantum Research Institute.

Professor Bruce is going to give a small seminar on quantum theory.

The location is within the Quantum Research Institute.

The time is set on June 6th, and the duration will depend on the situation.

As the news came out, it instantly caused a wave of enthusiasm in the high-end circles of the physics community.

Two major conferences have been held on quantum theory.

The first time was to propose the concept of quantum, and the second time was to propose the Bohr model.

These two conferences were milestone conferences in quantum theory and witnessed the leapfrog development of quantum theory.

This time, the bosses didn’t expect that it would be a small private discussion.

"It seems that Professor Bruce feels that the Exclusion Principle is not strong enough to warrant a large public meeting."

"It may also be that they are worried about conflicts with the Third Bruce Conference."

"And this is just a conference on pure quantum theory."

However, no matter what, this news is a bombshell in the quantum theory circle.

No matter how small the meeting held by Professor Bruce is, it will not be taken lightly by everyone.

Si is a shabby room, but Wu Dexin.

The importance of a meeting does not depend on how many people attend it, but on who attends it.

Obviously, given Professor Bruce's status, this meeting was not destined to be simple.

University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Bohr said to Koronig and other people in the institute:

“This is not a formal meeting.”

“You can think of it as a high-level group meeting.”

"Professor Bruce hopes that everyone can communicate together."

“Each of you will have the opportunity to come on stage and share your achievements.”

After receiving the notice from Ridgway, Bohr immediately realized that this was actually an academic salon.

However, the level of this salon is much higher than those salons where noble ladies compete for fashion.

The people invited by Professor Bruce must be big names in the physics community.

Each of them has many students and assistants.

This is a quantum realm social gathering.

Wow!
Everyone was shocked when they heard this.

This is a rare opportunity!
It’s exciting to think about being able to present my research results in front of so many big names.

There was a strange look in Kronig's eyes.

He didn't expect that he would wait for such an opportunity.

Calculating the time, his thesis should be almost finished by then.

Originally, Kronig was already prepared to present his research results to Professor Bohr in the next few days.

He made a major breakthrough in the fourth quantum number.

And the results are a bit horrifying, on the earth-shattering level.

He wasn't even sure about the accuracy of the results.

So I would like to ask my tutor for help.

However, this sudden good opportunity made Koronig change his mind.

"If I could make a splash in such an occasion, Professor Bohr would be very happy."

In the Niels Bohr Institute, which is full of talented people, Koronig's talent is below average.

After being here for so long, he has not achieved any remarkable results.

Compared to his classmates, Kramos and others, he seemed very unremarkable.

But despite this, Bohr never ignored him.

I even often encourage him and organize various relaxing activities for him.

This touched Koronig deeply.

He has fallen in love with everything here.

So, he wanted to give his mentor Bohr a surprise.

“I don’t want to disappoint you!”

At this moment, no one present knew.

What kind of waves will Koronig, who has always been peaceful and unknown, create and subvert their stereotypes?

On the other side, Leiden University in the Netherlands.

Ehrenfest also received an invitation from Ridgway.

Although he is not one of the top figures in the physics community.

But his research work is also related to quantum theory.

He innovatively combined quantum theory and statistical mechanics.

Use quantum concepts to re-examine the behavior of microscopic particles in statistical mechanics.

In this niche field, he is definitely an authority.

Statistical mechanics was Ehrenfest's strong point, which he learned from his teacher Boltzmann.

In real history, Ehrenfest also made important achievements in the field of quantum mechanics.

He proposed the Ehrenfest theorem. (Too technical to explain)
Therefore, it was only natural that he was invited by Li Qiwei.

When Ehrenfest told everyone the news, everyone was very excited.

For young people like them, being able to attend the conference organized by Professor Bruce was full of irresistible temptation.

However, Ehrenfest still reminded with a smile:
“Although this meeting focuses on sharing, there are not too many requirements.”

"But I still hope that you can prepare your research results well and don't make some low-level mistakes."

“Remember, your serious attitude is more important than the content of your research.”

"Since Professor Bruce has given you this opportunity, he won't care about the size of the results."

"Your logical ability and how to think about problems are the most important."

Everyone benefited greatly from Ehrenfest's words.

They feel very lucky to receive such sincere guidance from the great physics master.

At the same time, they are extremely grateful to Professor Bruce.

However, even Ehrenfest himself did not expect that the content of this meeting was far beyond his imagination.

Uhlenbeck and Gudsmit looked at each other, unable to hide their smiles.

This time, maybe they will both make a big splash!

Because the two of them had important inspiration on the problem of the fourth quantum number!
(End of this chapter)