1900: A physics genius wandering around Europe

Chapter 234 Bruce's version of evolution shocked everyone!

In the back row of the VIP seats, Li Qiwei saw several gentlemen dressed sitting there.

It seems that they are all big names in the field of life sciences.

At this time, Bateson introduced them one by one: "Bruce, these are all experts in the field of genetics."

"This is De Vries of Holland."

"This is Corens from Germany."

"This is Czermak of the Austro-Hungarian Empire."

"In 1900, the three of them almost simultaneously and independently rediscovered Mendel's laws of inheritance."

“It’s just the most incredible thing.”

“That’s when we biologists realized the importance of Mendel’s experiments.”

"So 1900 was the most important year in genetics."

"As for this one, he is Morgan from the United States."

"His fruit fly experiment is very famous."

Bateson's four friends saw him suddenly bring two people over, a young man and a middle-aged man.

Several people were very surprised. With Bateson's identity, he would not make friends randomly.

That middle-aged man looks silly, probably not a professor.

But the young man, with his pair of deep eyes, almost makes people fall in love with him.

The visitor is extraordinary!
Bateson smiled and said to his friend, "Come, let me introduce you to the famous Professor Bruce."

"Yes, that is the number one genius in physics."

"This is Wilson, he is a senior lecturer at our Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University."

Goodbye, Lao Wei was very dissatisfied with this title. He wanted to escape but was secretly caught by Li Qiwei.

After hearing Li Qiwei's name, Morgan and the other three were extremely shocked. This was a super genius, a great scholar, and a great physicist.

The few of them did not dare to be negligent and quickly stood up and shook hands with Li Qiwei and the other man.

Li Qiwei smiled and said, "Thanks to Bateson's introduction, I was able to meet so many big names in the field of life sciences."

“I am very interested in life sciences, especially evolution.”

"I must ask for your advice."

Bateson also told Morgan and others what Ridgway had said before.

After hearing this, several people couldn't help but exclaim.

I didn't expect that a physicist like him would have such a high level of attainment in genetics. It's really admirable.

At this time, Morgan said, "Professor Bruce, I have heard of your great name for a long time. It is a great honor to meet you today."

Li Qiwei responded modestly, "I just did a small job."

"Everyone call me Bruce."

The 43-year-old Morgan in front of us is also a super boss.

In real history, based on Mendel's work, he discovered the chromosomal inheritance mechanism, which took genetics a big step forward.

For this, he was awarded the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

But in the early stages of his research, he looked down on Mendel's experimental results.

He thought it was a "numbers game" and "high-level juggling."

"Mendelian genetics is garbage."

"Even if I were to be Morgan's assistant for the rest of my life or jump out of the laboratory, I would never accept his laws of heredity."

"I won't eat one of his peas!"

However, just this year, he discovered the white-eyed fruit fly during his fruit fly experiment.

The ratio of red-eyed fruit flies to white-eyed fruit flies exactly conforms to the rule of 3:1, which perfectly verifies Mendel's law of heredity.

Morgan instantly changed his thinking, acknowledged Mendel, and continued to conduct in-depth research based on his work.

"Oh my god, these peas are so delicious!"

Morgan wanted to slap the face of anyone who said that scientists are all stubborn.

After a few people sat down, they started to communicate while listening to the speech.

At this time, the battle between Francis and the opposite side had reached a white-hot stage.

The old man couldn't convince the other party at all, and his beard was shaking with anger.

“Natural selection is never wrong.”

"Only nature can determine the direction of biological evolution!"

The other party refused to give in. "Then Professor Francis, please tell me why animals must grow teeth."

"Why doesn't it grow a fire-breathing organ?"

"Wouldn't that be more suitable for survival?"

"So, natural selection can't explain how these different traits came about."

The other party was obviously a veteran, both professional and humorous.

A few words made the audience laugh and some even whistled.

Francis' face turned red with embarrassment, but the key point was that he couldn't refute it.

Morgan, Bateson and others could only smile bitterly, worrying about Francis and hoping that he would not get too angry.

There's no way. After all, Francis is not his father Darwin, and he doesn't have such a strong aura.

Even he is far inferior to Huxley.

When Huxley debated with Bishop Wilberford, he was full of vigor and vitality.

Man was not created by God!

The deafening words instantly drove thousands of people in the venue crazy.

If someone had fanned the flames, these excited people would probably have killed Bishop Wilberford on the spot.

Bateson lamented: "Although the theory of evolution is great, it is too crude after all."

“All its conclusions are based on statistics of partial results.”

"There are tens of millions of organisms in nature, and Darwin's sample size was too small."

Morgan took over and said, "Moreover, Darwin's theory of evolution is too biased towards logical reasoning and lacks necessary experiments."

"In contrast, Mendel was more experimental, and his laws of inheritance were closer to the essence of nature."

Several bigwigs followed Francis' words and commented on Darwin's theory of evolution.

Although they acknowledge that organisms evolve, the mechanism must be very complex.

It cannot be summed up by just one sentence: natural selection. There must be deeper reasons behind it.

At this time, Bateson pretended to ask casually: "Bruce, what do you think of evolution and natural selection?"

As soon as he asked the question, Morgan and the other three all looked at Li Qiwei at the same time, obviously caring about the opinion of this physics giant.

Li Qiwei smiled lightly, looked at Francis, and then said, "I personally think that natural selection is right."

Wow!
The Bateson Five were shocked.

I didn't expect that Li Qiwei would support natural selection.

Did he succumb to Darwin's authority?

But think about it, it's impossible.

They had heard privately that Bruce was known for his "boldness".

The audacity here does not mean doing bad things, but that Bruce is never afraid of authority.

He even dared to oppose Newton, not to mention Darwin.

In the eyes of the other person, there is only right and wrong, no authority or humility.

He only stands on the side of truth, not on the side of authority.

Morgan asked, "Bruce, but there are obvious loopholes in natural selection."

“It doesn’t have a good genetic mechanism to explain how nature selects.”

"The mainstream view now is convergent inheritance, which means that the traits of the father and mother are merged and passed on to the offspring."

Li Qiwei was deeply moved when he heard Morgan's excited talk.

Although the world's top geneticists have accepted the concept of genes.

But they have not yet realized the importance of genetic mutations.

The reason is simple. In real history, Morgan first observed the genetic mutation of white-eyed fruit flies in 1910.

At this point in time, gene mutations had not yet been discovered. Now, including Mendel's pea experiment and Morgan's fruit fly experiment, they are all verifying the inheritance laws of existing genes.

Morgan had not yet encountered a mutation in white-eyed fruit flies that caused their eyes to become colorless or pale yellow.

To put it bluntly, current geneticists are simply repeating Mendel.

They don't realize a lot of important things.

At this time, Li Qiwei smiled and said, "Morgan, who said that natural selection has no mechanism? Aren't you guys always studying it?"

Ridgway's words confused Bateson, Morgan and the other five people.

what's the situation?
I'm researching how I don't know.

The five people were completely stunned.

Li Qiwei sighed and thought: I didn't want to show off in the first place, but you guys forced me to do so.

He smiled faintly and said, "Since everyone is praising me so much, I will also share my personal understanding."

Bateson and others held their breath immediately, they knew the highlight was about to begin.

Is Li Qiwei finally going to take action on life sciences?
"Morgan just mentioned that natural selection cannot explain the source of those excellent biological properties."

"It's actually very simple. They all come from genetic mutations."

boom!
Bateson, Morgan and others were so frightened that they trembled all over.

They had never heard of the term "gene mutation".

But if you understand it literally, you can also understand its meaning.

Could it be?

Morgan was so excited that he almost couldn't speak. "Bubrus, did you coin the term genetic mutation?"

Li Qiwei nodded. "Yes, when I was studying Mendel's experiment, I suddenly had an idea. Since genes control traits, what if they change?"

“And the change must have been sudden.”

"Otherwise it's not change."

"I call this process of sudden genetic change a gene mutation."

"Of course, this is just my own entertainment. If there are any mistakes, I need you experts to correct them."

"With the concept of gene mutation, things become easier to explain."

"When organisms evolve, the direction of genetic mutation is random."

"Some genes mutate to form teeth, some genes mutate to form tongues, and some genes may not mutate at all."

"In the beginning, all three genes are present equally."

"But as natural selection took effect, the organisms that mutated to have teeth were more likely to survive."

"After a long period of evolution, teeth have been preserved and inherited as a new gene."

"In this way, a new species is formed."

"This is an improved version of the theory of evolution that I came up with after combining genetic theory and evolution theory."

"I think that explains why natural selection is correct."

boom!
When Li Qiwei finished speaking, Bateson and the other five were completely stunned by the shock.

Even Wilson looked at Li Qiwei in disbelief.

Because he understood it too.

It is precisely because he understood that Li Qiwei seems so terrifying.

Wilson no longer knew how to describe Li Qiwei.

Spanning physics, chemistry, and biology, he surpasses everyone in every field.

Is this guy still a human being?
Morgan's brain went blank, and he muttered to himself, "My God, Bruce probably doesn't even know how amazing his theory is."

“Is this what you call genius?”

“Are there really such smart people in the world?”

"I have studied fruit flies for more than ten years, but it is not as good as others who have taught for a few years."

Bateson was also shocked.

He believes that he invented the term genetics and is considered a superstar in this field.

However, today, Li Qiwei's theory of gene mutation made him realize that there are always people better than you.

This man is so scary!

He actually directly combined the theory of evolution and genetics organically.

Most importantly, this combination completely solves the theoretical flaws of the theory of evolution.

The latest concept of genes has closed the last loophole in the theory of evolution.

As for the gene mutation mentioned by the other party, as long as we can find experimental examples, we can prove its correctness.

Horrible, terrible!

Isn't this the Bruce equivalent of evolution?

As for De Vries, Correns, and Chermak, their inner thoughts were: Deng Yixia, Deng Yixia
Aren't we supposed to be at home here?

We discovered Mendel's laws of inheritance independently.

How come I have now become just a bystander?

I've had more shocks today than I've had in my entire life.

The three of them looked at Li Qiwei, not knowing what expression to use. In the end, they could only sigh and silently accept the reality.

At this time, Li Qiwei looked at the expressions of the crowd and felt very satisfied. I just made a slight move and shocked you all to pieces.

"Morgan, I've also read your fruit fly paper."

"I think in the future you could pay more attention to whether the fruit fly's eyes, wings, and other traits change."

Morgan had recovered by now and became excited again.

"Bruce, now that you mention it, it seems like I found a fruit fly with yellow eyes when I was doing an experiment before."

"But I can't remember it clearly because I didn't pay attention to it."

Bateson was shocked. Could it be that there was an experiment that could prove gene mutation?

Li Qiwei smiled and said, "It doesn't matter. I think the probability of gene mutation is not small."

"Otherwise, there wouldn't be so many different organisms in nature."

Morgan nodded in agreement.

This time, he was full of energy.

This time, the British Association for the Advancement of Science was a blessing in disguise for him.

Not only did he get to know Bruce, but he was also about to discover a great phenomenon.

"Bruce, are you going to publish a paper on your theory?"

“I think it’s enough to shock and make everyone worship it!”

Li Qiwei laughed and said, "Haha, forget it then."

“I study life sciences just for fun.”

"Morgan, if you prove my gene mutation through experiments, you can put my name on the paper, haha."

Although Morgan knew that Li Qiwei was joking, he did not dare to be careless.

There are so many people here today, and everyone knows that it was Ridgeway who proposed the idea of ​​gene mutation, and it was he who completed the theory of evolution.

Morgan didn't want to be called a thief.

De Vries and the other two were speechless. "Listen, this is what people say."

"If you, Bruce, are just doing research for fun, then aren't we just playing in the mud?"

Bateson also recovered from his shock. He looked at Li Qiwei with emotion, shook his head slightly, and then cheered up again.

Several people joined in the discussion on gene mutation.

Occasionally, exclamations of surprise were uttered.

At this time, Francis, who looked depressed, felt very strange when he saw his good friend Bateson discussing loudly and excitedly in the back.

The other party is not such an unstable person.

Bateson also saw Francis and waved to him, shouting, "Professor Francis, come here quickly."

"We found a theory that will allow you to win."

Francis looked puzzled and a little bit unconvinced, but he still walked over to the podium.

The audience thought he had given up and burst into sighs.

(End of this chapter)